Next Article in Journal
Astragaloside IV-Loaded Polydopamine/Zeolitic Imidazolate Framework-8 Nanoparticles Embedded in Conductive Decellularized Extracellular Matrix-Modified Hydrogels for Wound Healing
Previous Article in Journal
Development and Characterization of a Silver Nanoparticle-Based Hydrogel Containing Hyaluronic Acid and Allantoin for Antibacterial Burn Treatment
 
 
Search for Articles:
Title / Keyword
Author / Affiliation / Email
Journal
Article Type
 
 
Advanced Search
 
Section
Special Issue
Volume
Issue
Number
Page
 
Journals
Pharmaceutics
Volume 18
Issue 6
10.3390/pharmaceutics18060725
pharmaceutics-logo
Submit to this Journal Review for this Journal Propose a Special Issue
► Article Menu

Article Menu

share Share announcement Help format_quote Cite
first_page
settings
Order Article Reprints
Font Type:
Arial Georgia Verdana
Font Size:
Aa Aa Aa
Line Spacing:
Column Width:
Background:
This is an early access version, the complete PDF, HTML, and XML versions will be available soon.
Article

Pharmacokinetics and Tissue Distribution of Fluorescently Labeled Neoagarotetraose in Mice

by
Nan Wu
,
Chaocheng Wu
,
Yating Du
,
Zhuhua Chan
and
Runying Zeng
*
Technology Innovation Center for Exploitation of Marine Biological Resources, Third Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Xiamen 361005, China
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Pharmaceutics 2026, 18(6), 725; https://doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics18060725 (registering DOI)
Submission received: 28 April 2026 / Revised: 3 June 2026 / Accepted: 9 June 2026 / Published: 11 June 2026
(This article belongs to the Section Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics)
Versions Notes

Abstract

Background/Objectives: Neoagarotetraose (NA4), a marine-derived tetrasaccharide, holds promise as an anti-inflammatory and antioxidant agent; however, its oral bioavailability and systemic exposure mechanisms require elucidation. Methods: This study characterizes the biopharmaceutical profile of NA4 after oral and intravenous administration using a validated near-infrared fluorescence method based on covalent conjugation with Cy7. Results: Following oral gavage (200 mg/kg), NA4-Cy7 was rapidly absorbed (Tmax: 1.0 h; Cmax: 35.6 mg/L), with prolonged systemic exposure (mean residence time: 13.1 h) and an elimination half-life of 8.9 h. Intravenous administration (25 mg/kg) revealed a low volume of distribution at steady state (Vss: 0.0132 L/kg) and a shorter MRT (4.3 h). Tissue distribution at 24 h showed preferential accumulation in the kidney, liver, and lung, with direct visualization of intact NA4 crossing the intestinal epithelium. Conclusions: These findings demonstrate that fluorescently labeled NA4-Cy7 can cross the intestinal epithelial barrier and reach systemic circulation, supporting its potential as an orally active agent with organ-specific targeting properties.
Keywords: neoagarotetraose (NA4); Cy7 labeling; pharmacokinetics; tissue distribution; oral absorption neoagarotetraose (NA4); Cy7 labeling; pharmacokinetics; tissue distribution; oral absorption

Share and Cite

MDPI and ACS Style

Wu, N.; Wu, C.; Du, Y.; Chan, Z.; Zeng, R. Pharmacokinetics and Tissue Distribution of Fluorescently Labeled Neoagarotetraose in Mice. Pharmaceutics 2026, 18, 725. https://doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics18060725

AMA Style

Wu N, Wu C, Du Y, Chan Z, Zeng R. Pharmacokinetics and Tissue Distribution of Fluorescently Labeled Neoagarotetraose in Mice. Pharmaceutics. 2026; 18(6):725. https://doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics18060725

Chicago/Turabian Style

Wu, Nan, Chaocheng Wu, Yating Du, Zhuhua Chan, and Runying Zeng. 2026. "Pharmacokinetics and Tissue Distribution of Fluorescently Labeled Neoagarotetraose in Mice" Pharmaceutics 18, no. 6: 725. https://doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics18060725

APA Style

Wu, N., Wu, C., Du, Y., Chan, Z., & Zeng, R. (2026). Pharmacokinetics and Tissue Distribution of Fluorescently Labeled Neoagarotetraose in Mice. Pharmaceutics, 18(6), 725. https://doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics18060725

Note that from the first issue of 2016, this journal uses article numbers instead of page numbers. See further details here.

Article Metrics

Back to TopTop