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Volume 17
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Article

Design and Evaluation of a Zingiber officinale–Kaolinite–Maltodextrin Delivery System: Antioxidant, Antimicrobial, and Cytotoxic Activity Assessment

by
Adina-Elena Segneanu
1,†,
Ionela Amalia Bradu
1,†,
Gabriela Vlase
1,2,
Titus Vlase
1,2,
Cornelia Bejenaru
3,4,*,
Ludovic Everard Bejenaru
3,5,
George Dan Mogoşanu
3,5,
Maria Viorica Ciocîlteu
3,6,
Dumitru-Daniel Herea
7 and
Eugen Radu Boia
8
1
Department of Chemistry, Institute for Advanced Environmental Research, West University of Timişoara (ICAM–WUT), 4 Oituz Street, 300086 Timişoara, Romania
2
Research Center for Thermal Analyzes in Environmental Problems, West University of Timişoara, 16 Johann Heinrich Pestalozzi Street, 300115 Timişoara, Romania
3
Drug Research Center, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, 2 Petru Rareş Street, 200349 Craiova, Romania
4
Department of Pharmaceutical Botany, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, 2 Petru Rareş Street, 200349 Craiova, Romania
5
Department of Pharmacognosy & Phytotherapy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, 2 Petru Rareş Street, 200349 Craiova, Romania
6
Department of Instrumental and Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, 2 Petru Rareş Street, 200349 Craiova, Romania
7
National Institute of Research and Development for Technical Physics, 47 Dimitrie Mangeron Avenue, 700050 Iaşi, Romania
8
Department of Ear, Nose, and Throat, Faculty of Medicine, Victor Babeş University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timişoara, 2 Eftimie Murgu Square, 300041 Timişoara, Romania
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
†
These authors contributed equally to this work.
Pharmaceutics 2025, 17(6), 751; https://doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics17060751
Submission received: 30 April 2025 / Revised: 25 May 2025 / Accepted: 5 June 2025 / Published: 6 June 2025
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Natural Bioactive Compounds in Micro- and Nanocarriers)
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Abstract

Background/Objectives: Zingiber officinale Roscoe (Zingiberaceae) is widely recognized for its diverse biological activities; however, the stability and bioavailability of its bioactive compounds remain significant challenges. This study aimed to investigate an innovative approach to enhance the stability and efficacy of Z. officinale phytoconstituents through advanced encapsulation techniques. Methods: Two novel carrier systems were developed: (i) direct micro-spray encapsulation of Z. officinale in maltodextrin (MZO) and (ii) a two-step process involving the creation of a kaolinite-based phytocarrier system (ZO–kaolinite), followed by micro-spray encapsulation in maltodextrin to form the MZO–kaolinite system. Results: Comprehensive chemical profiling using GC–MS and ESI–QTOF–MS identified 105 phytochemicals, including terpenoids, gingerols, shogaols, flavonoids, and phenolic acids. Morphostructural analyses (XRD, FTIR, Raman, SEM) confirmed the successful development of the newly engineered kaolinite carrier systems (ZO–kaolinite and MZO–kaolinite systems). Both the ZO–kaolinite and MZO–kaolinite systems exhibited superior antioxidant activity, potent antimicrobial efficacy against major bacterial pathogens (Staphylococcus aureus, Enterococcus faecalis, Bacillus cereus, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli), and enhanced cytotoxicity against MCF-7, HCT-116, and HeLa cancer cell lines. Conclusions: This study underscores the synergistic action of kaolinite and maltodextrin in developing multifunctional therapeutic systems, emphasizing the importance of phytoconstituent stabilization and nanotechnology in addressing antimicrobial resistance and advancing innovative medical applications.
Keywords: Zingiber officinale; kaolinite; micro-spray encapsulation; antioxidant potential; antimicrobial screening; in vitro cytotoxicity Zingiber officinale; kaolinite; micro-spray encapsulation; antioxidant potential; antimicrobial screening; in vitro cytotoxicity
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MDPI and ACS Style

Segneanu, A.-E.; Bradu, I.A.; Vlase, G.; Vlase, T.; Bejenaru, C.; Bejenaru, L.E.; Mogoşanu, G.D.; Ciocîlteu, M.V.; Herea, D.-D.; Boia, E.R. Design and Evaluation of a Zingiber officinale–Kaolinite–Maltodextrin Delivery System: Antioxidant, Antimicrobial, and Cytotoxic Activity Assessment. Pharmaceutics 2025, 17, 751. https://doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics17060751

AMA Style

Segneanu A-E, Bradu IA, Vlase G, Vlase T, Bejenaru C, Bejenaru LE, Mogoşanu GD, Ciocîlteu MV, Herea D-D, Boia ER. Design and Evaluation of a Zingiber officinale–Kaolinite–Maltodextrin Delivery System: Antioxidant, Antimicrobial, and Cytotoxic Activity Assessment. Pharmaceutics. 2025; 17(6):751. https://doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics17060751

Chicago/Turabian Style

Segneanu, Adina-Elena, Ionela Amalia Bradu, Gabriela Vlase, Titus Vlase, Cornelia Bejenaru, Ludovic Everard Bejenaru, George Dan Mogoşanu, Maria Viorica Ciocîlteu, Dumitru-Daniel Herea, and Eugen Radu Boia. 2025. "Design and Evaluation of a Zingiber officinale–Kaolinite–Maltodextrin Delivery System: Antioxidant, Antimicrobial, and Cytotoxic Activity Assessment" Pharmaceutics 17, no. 6: 751. https://doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics17060751

APA Style

Segneanu, A.-E., Bradu, I. A., Vlase, G., Vlase, T., Bejenaru, C., Bejenaru, L. E., Mogoşanu, G. D., Ciocîlteu, M. V., Herea, D.-D., & Boia, E. R. (2025). Design and Evaluation of a Zingiber officinale–Kaolinite–Maltodextrin Delivery System: Antioxidant, Antimicrobial, and Cytotoxic Activity Assessment. Pharmaceutics, 17(6), 751. https://doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics17060751

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