Process Modeling and Simulation of Tableting—An Agent-Based Simulation Methodology for Direct Compression

Martin, Niels Lasse; Schomberg, Ann Kathrin; Finke, Jan Henrik; Abraham, Tim Gyung-min; Kwade, Arno; Herrmann, Christoph

doi:10.3390/pharmaceutics13070996

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Process Modeling and Simulation of Tableting—An Agent-Based Simulation Methodology for Direct Compression

Niels Lasse Martin

^1,2,*,†

Ann Kathrin Schomberg

^2,3,*,†

Jan Henrik Finke

^2,3

Tim Gyung-min Abraham

^1,2,

Arno Kwade

^2,3

and

Christoph Herrmann

^1,2

Institute of Machine Tools and Production Technology (IWF), Technische Universität Braunschweig, Langer Kamp 19b, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany

Center of Pharmaceutical Engineering (PVZ), Technische Universität Braunschweig, Franz-Liszt-Str. 35A, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany

Institute for Particle Technology (iPAT), Technische Universität Braunschweig, Volkmaroder Str. 5, 38104 Braunschweig, Germany

Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed.

^†

These authors contributed equally to this work.

Academic Editors: Colin Hare and Anne Marie Healy

Pharmaceutics 2021, 13(7), 996; https://doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics13070996

Received: 23 April 2021 / Revised: 10 June 2021 / Accepted: 22 June 2021 / Published: 30 June 2021

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Recent Advances in Secondary Processing of Pharmaceutical Powders)

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Abstract

In pharmaceutical manufacturing, the utmost aim is reliably producing high quality products. Simulation approaches allow virtual experiments of processes in the planning phase and the implementation of digital twins in operation. The industrial processing of active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) into tablets requires the combination of discrete and continuous sub-processes with complex interdependencies regarding the material structures and characteristics. The API and excipients are mixed, granulated if required, and subsequently tableted. Thereby, the structure as well as the properties of the intermediate and final product are influenced by the raw materials, the parametrized processes and environmental conditions, which are subject to certain fluctuations. In this study, for the first time, an agent-based simulation model is presented, which enables the prediction, tracking, and tracing of resulting structures and properties of the intermediates of an industrial tableting process. Therefore, the methodology for the identification and development of product and process agents in an agent-based simulation is shown. Implemented physical models describe the impact of process parameters on material structures. The tablet production with a pilot scale rotary press is experimentally characterized to provide calibration and validation data. Finally, the simulation results, predicting the final structures, are compared to the experimental data. View Full-Text

Keywords: agent-based modeling and simulation; process modeling and simulation; tableting; product structures and characteristics

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MDPI and ACS Style

Martin, N.L.; Schomberg, A.K.; Finke, J.H.; Abraham, T.G.-m.; Kwade, A.; Herrmann, C. Process Modeling and Simulation of Tableting—An Agent-Based Simulation Methodology for Direct Compression. Pharmaceutics 2021, 13, 996. https://doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics13070996

AMA Style

Martin NL, Schomberg AK, Finke JH, Abraham TG-m, Kwade A, Herrmann C. Process Modeling and Simulation of Tableting—An Agent-Based Simulation Methodology for Direct Compression. Pharmaceutics. 2021; 13(7):996. https://doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics13070996

Chicago/Turabian Style

Martin, Niels L., Ann K. Schomberg, Jan H. Finke, Tim G.-m. Abraham, Arno Kwade, and Christoph Herrmann. 2021. "Process Modeling and Simulation of Tableting—An Agent-Based Simulation Methodology for Direct Compression" Pharmaceutics 13, no. 7: 996. https://doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics13070996

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Process Modeling and Simulation of Tableting—An Agent-Based Simulation Methodology for Direct Compression

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