Synthesis of Poly(Ethylene Brassylate-Co-squaric Acid) as Potential Essential Oil Carrier
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Materials
2.2. Synthesis Procedure
2.3. PEBSA Copolymer Characterization
2.3.1. Spectroscopic Analyses
2.3.2. Thermal Analysis
2.3.3. Size Measurement
2.3.4. X-ray Diffraction (XRD) Measurements
2.3.5. Microscopy Analyses
2.4. PEBSA_Thymol Bioactive Complex Preparation
2.5. PEBSA_Thymol Bioactive Compound Characterization
Antimicrobial Activity
2.6. Statistical Analysis
3. Results and Discussion
3.1. 1H NMR Spectra
3.2. FTIR Spectra
3.3. Raman Spectra
3.4. PEBSA Thermal Behavior
3.5. DLS Measurements
3.6. X Ray
3.7. Microscopy Analyses
Scanning Electron Microscopy Studies
3.8. AFM Studies
3.9. PEBSA_Thymol Bioactive Complex
3.10. Antimicrobial Activity of PEBSA_Ty Complex
4. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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FTIR Spectra | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
PEBSA | PEBSA_Ty | Thymol | |||
Registered Frequency, cm−1 | Absorption Assignment | Registered Frequency, cm−1 | Absorption Assignment | Registered Frequency, cm−1 | Absorption Assignment |
2926.33 | C-H stretching | 3397.74 | O-H stretching intermolecular bonded | 3397.74 | O-H stretching |
2855.14 | C-H stretching | 2926.33 | C-H stretching | 2926.33 | C-H stretching |
2652.01 | C-H stretching | 2855.14 | C-H stretching | 1623.73 | C=C stretching |
1698.44 | C=O stretching | 1698.44 1623.73 | C=O stretching C=C stretching | 1520.41 | C=C stretching |
1465.50 | C-H bending | 1520.41 | C=C stretching | 1450 | O-H bending |
1240.99 | C-O stretching | 1465.50 | C-H bending | 1240.99 | C-O stretching |
1231.46 | C-O stretching | 1240.99 | C-O stretching | 1231.46 | C-O stretching |
1183.31 | C-O stretching | 1231.46 | C-O stretching | 1183.31 | C-O stretching |
919.18 | C=C bending | 1183.31 | C-O stretching | 1087 | C-O stretching |
681.97 | C=C bending | 1087.00 | C-O stretching | 919.18 | C=C bending |
531.26 | C=C bending | 919.18 | C=C bending | 807.14 | C=C bending |
681.97 | C=C bending | 584.82 | C=C bending | ||
531.26 | C=C bending |
Strains | Inhibition Zone (mm) | ||
---|---|---|---|
PEBSA | THYMOL | PEBSA_Ty | |
Staphylococcus aureus ATCC25923 | - | 7.793 ± 0.214 | 8.405 ± 0.282 |
Escherichia coli ATCC25922 | - | 10.527 ± 0.088 | 11.048 ± 0.546 |
Enterococcus faecalis ATCC 29212 | - | 7.550 ± 0.209 | 10.119 ± 0.151 |
Klebsiella pneumonie ATCC 10031 | - | 18.562 ± 0.085 | 19.837 ± 0.271 |
Salmonella typhimurium ATCC 14028 | - | 8.232 ± 0.008 | 7.135 ± 0.371 |
Candida albicans ATCC10231 | - | 10.091 ± 0.228 | 9.397 ± 0.267 |
Candida glabrata ATCC 2001 | - | - | - |
Aspergillus brasiliensis ATCC9642 | - | 18.288 ± 0.253 | 20.322 ± 0.501 |
Strains | PEBSA | THYMOL | PEBSA_Ty | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
MIC (g/mL) | MBC (g/mL) | MIC (g/mL) | MBC (g/mL) | MIC (g/mL) | MBC (g/mL) | |
S. aureus | -a | -a | 0.008 | -b | 0.008 | -b |
E. coli | -a | -a | 0.008 | -b | 0.008 | -b |
E. faecalis | -a | -a | 0.008 | -b | 0.008 | -b |
K. pneumonie | -a | -a | 0.008 | -b | 0.008 | -b |
S. Typhimurium | -a | -a | 0.008 | -b | 0.008 | -b |
C. albicans | -a | -a | 0.008 | -b | 0.008 | -b |
C. glabrata | -a | -a | -b | -b | -b | -b |
A. brasiliensis | -a | -a | 0.008 | -b | 0.008 | -b |
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Chiriac, A.P.; Rusu, A.G.; Nita, L.E.; Macsim, A.-M.; Tudorachi, N.; Rosca, I.; Stoica, I.; Tampu, D.; Aflori, M.; Doroftei, F. Synthesis of Poly(Ethylene Brassylate-Co-squaric Acid) as Potential Essential Oil Carrier. Pharmaceutics 2021, 13, 477. https://doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics13040477
Chiriac AP, Rusu AG, Nita LE, Macsim A-M, Tudorachi N, Rosca I, Stoica I, Tampu D, Aflori M, Doroftei F. Synthesis of Poly(Ethylene Brassylate-Co-squaric Acid) as Potential Essential Oil Carrier. Pharmaceutics. 2021; 13(4):477. https://doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics13040477
Chicago/Turabian StyleChiriac, Aurica P., Alina Gabriela Rusu, Loredana Elena Nita, Ana-Maria Macsim, Nita Tudorachi, Irina Rosca, Iuliana Stoica, Daniel Tampu, Magdalena Aflori, and Florica Doroftei. 2021. "Synthesis of Poly(Ethylene Brassylate-Co-squaric Acid) as Potential Essential Oil Carrier" Pharmaceutics 13, no. 4: 477. https://doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics13040477