Entry of Oncolytic Herpes Simplex Virus into Human Squamous Cell Carcinoma Cells by Ultrasound
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Cells
2.2. Viral Infection
2.3. Ultrasound Exposure
2.4. Plaque Formation in Combination with Ultrasound
2.5. 3-(4,5-Dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-Diphenyl-Tetrazolium Bromide (MTT) Assay
2.6. Scanning Electron Microscopy
2.7. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Effect of Ultrasound on the Growth of Oral SCC Cells
3.2. Effects of Ultrasound Exposure Immediately after Viral Inoculation on HSV-1 Plaque Formation and Cell Viability
3.3. Effects of the Interval from Ultrasound Exposure to Viral Inoculation on HSV-1 Plaque Formation
3.4. Scanning Electron Microscope of Oral SCC Cells Exposed to Ultrasound
4. Discussion
4.1. Increase of Virus Entry by Ultrasound in the Presence or Absence of Microbubbles
4.2. Scanning Electron Microscope of Oral SCC Cells
5. Conclusions
Acknowledgments
Author Contributions
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Okunaga, S.; Takasu, A.; Meshii, N.; Imai, T.; Hamada, M.; Iwai, S.; Yura, Y. Entry of Oncolytic Herpes Simplex Virus into Human Squamous Cell Carcinoma Cells by Ultrasound. Viruses 2015, 7, 5610-5618. https://doi.org/10.3390/v7102890
Okunaga S, Takasu A, Meshii N, Imai T, Hamada M, Iwai S, Yura Y. Entry of Oncolytic Herpes Simplex Virus into Human Squamous Cell Carcinoma Cells by Ultrasound. Viruses. 2015; 7(10):5610-5618. https://doi.org/10.3390/v7102890
Chicago/Turabian StyleOkunaga, Shusuke, Ayako Takasu, Noritoshi Meshii, Tomoaki Imai, Masakagu Hamada, Soichi Iwai, and Yoshiaki Yura. 2015. "Entry of Oncolytic Herpes Simplex Virus into Human Squamous Cell Carcinoma Cells by Ultrasound" Viruses 7, no. 10: 5610-5618. https://doi.org/10.3390/v7102890