Clinical Manifestations and Outcomes of West Nile Virus Infection
James J. SejvarNational Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA
Viruses 2014, 6(2), 606-623; https://doi.org/10.3390/v6020606
Received: 30 October 2013 / Revised: 20 January 2014 / Accepted: 21 January 2014 / Published: 6 February 2014
(This article belongs to the Special Issue West Nile Virus)
Since the emergence of West Nile virus (WNV) in North America in 1999, understanding of the clinical features, spectrum of illness and eventual functional outcomes of human illness has increased tremendously. Most human infections with WNV remain clinically silent. Among those persons developing symptomatic illness, most develop a self-limited febrile illness. More severe illness with WNV (West Nile neuroinvasive disease, WNND) is manifested as meningitis, encephalitis or an acute anterior (polio) myelitis. These manifestations are generally more prevalent in older persons or those with immunosuppression. In the future, a more thorough understanding of the long-term physical, cognitive and functional outcomes of persons recovering from WNV illness will be important in understanding the overall illness burden.
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Keywords:
West Nile virus; meningitis; encephalitis; poliomyelitis; outcomes
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MDPI and ACS Style
Sejvar, J.J. Clinical Manifestations and Outcomes of West Nile Virus Infection. Viruses 2014, 6, 606-623.
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