A Unique Evolution of the S2 Gene of Equine Infectious Anemia Virus in Hosts Correlated with Particular Infection Statuses

State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150001, China

Harbin Pharmaceutical Group Biovaccine Company, Harbin 150069, China

Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed.

Viruses 2014, 6(11), 4265-4279; https://doi.org/10.3390/v6114265

Received: 5 September 2014 / Revised: 26 October 2014 / Accepted: 29 October 2014 / Published: 10 November 2014

(This article belongs to the Section Animal Viruses)

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Abstract

Equine infectious anemia virus (EIAV) is a member of the Lentivirus genus in the Retroviridae family that exhibits a genomic structure similar to that of HIV-1. The S2 accessory proteins play important roles in viral replication in vivo and in viral pathogenicity; however, studies on S2 evolution in vivo are limited. This study analyzed the evolutionary characteristics of the S2 gene of a pathogenic EIAV strain, EIAV_LN40, in four experimentally infected horses. The results demonstrated that 14.7% (10 of 68 residues) of the stable amino acid mutations occurred longitudinally in S2 during a 150-day infection period. Further analysis revealed that six of the ten mutated residues were positively selected during the infection. Alignment and phylogenetic analyses showed that the S2 gene sequences of viruses isolated from the infected horses at the early stage of EIAV_LN40 infection were highly homologous and similar to the vaccine-specific sequence. The S2 gene variants isolated from the febrile episodes and late phase of infection became homologous to the S2 gene sequence of the inoculating EIAV_LN40 strain. Our results indicate that the S2 gene evolves in diversity and divergence in vivo in different stages of EIAV infection and that this evolution correlates with the pathogenicity of the virus. View Full-Text

Keywords: equine infectious anemia virus; EIAV; S2 gene; evolution; diversity

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MDPI and ACS Style

Wang, X.-F.; Wang, S.; Liu, Q.; Lin, Y.-Z.; Du, C.; Tang, Y.-D.; Na, L.; Wang, X.; Zhou, J.-H. A Unique Evolution of the S2 Gene of Equine Infectious Anemia Virus in Hosts Correlated with Particular Infection Statuses. Viruses 2014, 6, 4265-4279. https://doi.org/10.3390/v6114265

AMA Style

Wang X-F, Wang S, Liu Q, Lin Y-Z, Du C, Tang Y-D, Na L, Wang X, Zhou J-H. A Unique Evolution of the S2 Gene of Equine Infectious Anemia Virus in Hosts Correlated with Particular Infection Statuses. Viruses. 2014; 6(11):4265-4279. https://doi.org/10.3390/v6114265

Chicago/Turabian Style

Wang, Xue-Feng, Shuai Wang, Qiang Liu, Yue-Zhi Lin, Cheng Du, Yan-Dong Tang, Lei Na, Xiaojun Wang, and Jian-Hua Zhou. 2014. "A Unique Evolution of the S2 Gene of Equine Infectious Anemia Virus in Hosts Correlated with Particular Infection Statuses" Viruses 6, no. 11: 4265-4279. https://doi.org/10.3390/v6114265

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A Unique Evolution of the S2 Gene of Equine Infectious Anemia Virus in Hosts Correlated with Particular Infection Statuses

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