Were the English Sweating Sickness and the Picardy Sweat Caused by Hantaviruses?
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. The English Sweating Sickness
3. John Caius and Thomas Le Forestier
4. Setting the Stage for the English Sweating Sickness
5. The Five Epidemics
6. Clinical Symptoms of the English Sweat
7. Origin and Epidemiology
8. Possible Causes of the English Sweating Sickness.
English Sweating Sickness * | Picardy Sweat ** | HPS *** | HFRS **** | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Vector | ? | ? | Rodent | Rodent |
Pathogen | ? (virus?) | ? (virus?) | Hantavirus | Hantavirus |
Infection mode | ? (zoonotic?; human-to-human?) | ? (zoonotic?; human-to-human?) | Aerosol | Aerosol |
Incubation time | 1–44 days | 6 days § | 1–40 days | 1–40 days |
Disease stages | Headache, myalgia, sweating
Abdominal pain, vomiting Delirium Cardiac palpitation, Breathlessness Convalescence/death | Febrile phase, sweating
Hemorrhages: rare, but violent Rash (redness of the skin): common Convalescence/death | Febrile phase
Pulmonary edema, shock Diuresis Convalescence/death | Febrile phase
Shock Oliguric phase Diuretic phase Convalescence/death |
Duration | 24 h (if fatal) | 10–14 days | 10–20 days; 2–5 days, if fatal | 10–20 days |
Mortality | 30%–50% | 0%–20% | 40% | <1% |
Seasonality | Summer | Summer | Summer | Spring, summer |
9. The Picardy Sweat
10. Conclusions
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References and Notes
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Heyman, P.; Simons, L.; Cochez, C. Were the English Sweating Sickness and the Picardy Sweat Caused by Hantaviruses? Viruses 2014, 6, 151-171. https://doi.org/10.3390/v6010151
Heyman P, Simons L, Cochez C. Were the English Sweating Sickness and the Picardy Sweat Caused by Hantaviruses? Viruses. 2014; 6(1):151-171. https://doi.org/10.3390/v6010151
Chicago/Turabian StyleHeyman, Paul, Leopold Simons, and Christel Cochez. 2014. "Were the English Sweating Sickness and the Picardy Sweat Caused by Hantaviruses?" Viruses 6, no. 1: 151-171. https://doi.org/10.3390/v6010151