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Volume 17
Issue 9
10.3390/v17091197
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Article

Genetic Diversity and Molecular Analysis of Human Parainfluenza Virus Type 3 in Saint Petersburg (Russia) in 2017–2023: Emergence of a New Phylogenetic Cluster

by
Oula Mansour
1,
Artem V. Fadeev
1,
Alexander A. Perederiy
1,
Marina I. Zadirienko
2,
Daria M. Danilenko
1,
Dmitry A. Lioznov
1,3 and
Andrey B. Komissarov
1,*
1
Smorodintsev Research Institute of Influenza, 197376 Saint Petersburg, Russia
2
Saint-Petersburg State Institute of Technology, 190013 Saint Petersburg, Russia
3
Department of Infectious Diseases and Epidemiology, Pavlov First Saint Petersburg State Medical University, 197022 Saint Petersburg, Russia
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Viruses 2025, 17(9), 1197; https://doi.org/10.3390/v17091197 (registering DOI)
Submission received: 16 July 2025 / Revised: 25 August 2025 / Accepted: 29 August 2025 / Published: 30 August 2025
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Viral Genetic Variability and Its Role in Assessing Infectious Diseases)
Versions Notes

Abstract

Human parainfluenza viruses 3 (hPIV3) are important pathogens, responsible for acute respiratory tract diseases, especially in young children. Information on hPIV3 circulation and their diversity pattern in Russia is limited. The aim of this study was to perform a molecular and genetic characterization of hPIV3 circulating in Saint Petersburg, Russia. From October 2017 to September 2023, 14,704 swabs were screened using real-time reverse transcription-PCR. A phylogenetic analysis of the complete hemagglutinin–neuraminidase (HN) gene was performed. Out of 1,334 positive hPIV cases, hPIV3 was the most common subtype. Phylogenetic analysis of the studied and previously published HN sequences revealed four distinct genetic clusters, A, B, C, and D, with Cluster D being first delineated in this study. In addition, two newly subdivided genetic lineages, C5a and C5b, were documented. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that the analyzed Russian strains grouped into Cluster C and D; further subclusters C5a, C5b, C3b, C3e, and C3a. While three strains were classified within cluster D, the majority of isolates fell within subcluster C3a, followed by C5b. Taken together, these findings demonstrate the co-circulation of hPIV3 strains during the study period. This is the first study that describes the genetic and molecular aspects of hPIV3 circulating in Russia. Moreover, our results provide an up-to-date hPIV3 phylogenetic analysis.
Keywords: human parainfluenza virus 3; severe acute respiratory infection; hemagglutinin–neuraminidase; molecular epidemiology; phylogenetic analysis human parainfluenza virus 3; severe acute respiratory infection; hemagglutinin–neuraminidase; molecular epidemiology; phylogenetic analysis

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MDPI and ACS Style

Mansour, O.; Fadeev, A.V.; Perederiy, A.A.; Zadirienko, M.I.; Danilenko, D.M.; Lioznov, D.A.; Komissarov, A.B. Genetic Diversity and Molecular Analysis of Human Parainfluenza Virus Type 3 in Saint Petersburg (Russia) in 2017–2023: Emergence of a New Phylogenetic Cluster. Viruses 2025, 17, 1197. https://doi.org/10.3390/v17091197

AMA Style

Mansour O, Fadeev AV, Perederiy AA, Zadirienko MI, Danilenko DM, Lioznov DA, Komissarov AB. Genetic Diversity and Molecular Analysis of Human Parainfluenza Virus Type 3 in Saint Petersburg (Russia) in 2017–2023: Emergence of a New Phylogenetic Cluster. Viruses. 2025; 17(9):1197. https://doi.org/10.3390/v17091197

Chicago/Turabian Style

Mansour, Oula, Artem V. Fadeev, Alexander A. Perederiy, Marina I. Zadirienko, Daria M. Danilenko, Dmitry A. Lioznov, and Andrey B. Komissarov. 2025. "Genetic Diversity and Molecular Analysis of Human Parainfluenza Virus Type 3 in Saint Petersburg (Russia) in 2017–2023: Emergence of a New Phylogenetic Cluster" Viruses 17, no. 9: 1197. https://doi.org/10.3390/v17091197

APA Style

Mansour, O., Fadeev, A. V., Perederiy, A. A., Zadirienko, M. I., Danilenko, D. M., Lioznov, D. A., & Komissarov, A. B. (2025). Genetic Diversity and Molecular Analysis of Human Parainfluenza Virus Type 3 in Saint Petersburg (Russia) in 2017–2023: Emergence of a New Phylogenetic Cluster. Viruses, 17(9), 1197. https://doi.org/10.3390/v17091197

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