Hepatitis B Hospitalizations in Brazil: Temporal and Regional Patterns from 2008 to 2023
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Methods
2.1. Study Design
2.2. Statistical Analysis
2.3. Ethics Approval
3. Results
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Color/Race | Tendency a | Period | APC b (%) | Confidence Interval (95%) | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Lower Limit | Upper Limit | ||||
Caucasian | 1 | 2008–2011 | −34.81 | −50.02 | −21.72 |
2 | 2011–2023 | −1.73 | −4.27 | 1.62 | |
Black | 1 | 2008–2010 | 18.07 | −3.85 | 44.76 |
2 | 2010–2013 | −25.09 | −30.33 | −13.21 | |
3 | 2013–2023 | 0.28 | −2.54 | 4.70 | |
1 | 2008–2010 | −0.68 | −11.69 | 2.98 | |
Brown | 2 | 2010–2013 | 14.28 | 5.57 | 21.14 |
3 | 2013–2023 | −4.57 | −9.78 | −1.67 | |
Yellow | 1 | 2008–2014 | −19.32 | −60.03 | 1.40 |
2 | 2014–2023 | 14.28 | −1.58 | 57.61 | |
Indigenous | 1 | 2008–2023 | −8.16 | −17.41 | 1.26 |
Age Group | Tendency a | Period | APC b (%) | Confidence Interval (95%) | |
Lower Limit | Upper Limit | ||||
<1 | 1 | 2008–2019 | −4.90 | −13.05 | −0.54 |
2 | 2019–2023 | 40.76 | 12.91 | 59.33 | |
1 to 9 | 1 | 2008–2018 | −13.71 | −32.14 | −9.26 |
2 | 2018–2023 | 6.50 | −7.58 | 24.90 | |
10 to 19 | 1 | 2008–2023 | −8.21 | −11.02 | −5.43 |
20 to 59 | 1 | 2008–2012 | −17.68 | −29.28 | −11.01 |
2 | 2012–2023 | −4.44 | −6.27 | −1.47 | |
60 or more | 1 | 2008–2012 | −20.01 | −34.47 | −12.39 |
2 | 2012–2018 | 2.69 | −1.00 | 17.82 | |
3 | 2018–2023 | −6.30 | −13.00 | −2.13 | |
Region | Tendency a | Period | APC b (%) | Confidence Interval (95%) | |
Lower Limit | Upper Limit | ||||
North | 1 | 2008–2014 | 3.40 | −0.97 | 10.89 |
2 | 2014–2017 | −32.64 | −37.81 | −21.65 | |
3 | 2017–2023 | 1.39 | −3.57 | 10.80 | |
Northeast | 1 | 2008–2013 | −17.87 | −23.52 | −14.11 |
2 | 2013–2018 | 5.99 | 1.69 | 17.15 | |
3 | 2018–2023 | −13.93 | −17.92 | −10.48 | |
Southeast | 1 | 2008–2010 | −39.71 | −47.20 | −21.78 |
2 | 2010–2023 | −1.70 | −3.77 | 1.04 | |
South | 1 | 2008–2010 | −40.93 | −50.81 | −15.63 |
2 | 2010–2023 | −8.41 | −10.98 | −3.02 | |
Midwest | 1 | 2008–2019 | −5.57 | −26.09 | 0.31 |
2 | 2019–2023 | 27.83 | 1.16 | 46.31 |
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Kassada, D.S.; Rocha, I.d.L.P.; Eberhardt, L.D. Hepatitis B Hospitalizations in Brazil: Temporal and Regional Patterns from 2008 to 2023. Viruses 2025, 17, 348. https://doi.org/10.3390/v17030348
Kassada DS, Rocha IdLP, Eberhardt LD. Hepatitis B Hospitalizations in Brazil: Temporal and Regional Patterns from 2008 to 2023. Viruses. 2025; 17(3):348. https://doi.org/10.3390/v17030348
Chicago/Turabian StyleKassada, Danielle Satie, Igor de Lima Peixoto Rocha, and Leonardo Dresch Eberhardt. 2025. "Hepatitis B Hospitalizations in Brazil: Temporal and Regional Patterns from 2008 to 2023" Viruses 17, no. 3: 348. https://doi.org/10.3390/v17030348
APA StyleKassada, D. S., Rocha, I. d. L. P., & Eberhardt, L. D. (2025). Hepatitis B Hospitalizations in Brazil: Temporal and Regional Patterns from 2008 to 2023. Viruses, 17(3), 348. https://doi.org/10.3390/v17030348