Cytomegalovirus Antibodies and Coronary Artery Disease in People with HIV: A Cohort Study
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Overview
2.2. Data Acquisition
2.3. Coronary CT Angiography
2.4. Definitions
2.5. Statistical Analyses
3. Results
3.1. Associations with CAD
3.2. Associations with Plaque Composition and Extensive CAD
3.3. Impact of Inflammation and Endothelial Dysfunction
3.4. Sensitivity Analyses
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
Presentations of the data
References
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Demographics | |
---|---|
Age, years, median (IQR) | 50.1 (42.8–57.1) |
Male sex, n (%) | 553 (89.2%) |
Caucasian ethnicity, n (%) | 536 (86%) |
Cardiovascular disease risk factors | |
Hypertension at baseline, n (%) | 256 (41.3%) |
Diabetes at baseline, n (%) | 17 (2.7%) |
Smoking at baseline, n (%) | |
Current | 177 (28.5%) |
Former | 220 (35.5%) |
Never | 223 (36.0%) |
Body mass index, kg/m2, median (IQR) | 24.3 (22.3–26.8) |
Underweight, n (%) | 17 (2.7%) |
Normal, n (%) | 345 (55.6%) |
Overweight, n (%) | 217 (35.0%) |
Obese, n (%) | 39 (6.3%) |
Dyslipidaemia at baseline, n (%) | 118 (19.0%) |
Current use of lipid-lowering drugs | 70 (59.3%) |
Infection-related characteristics | |
Positive CMV IgG serostatus, n (%) | 586 (94.5%) |
CMV IgG concentration, U/mL, median (IQR) | 149 (114–473) |
Time since HIV infection, years, median (IQR) | 12.8 (6.0–20.7) |
Current CD4+ T cell count <350 cells/µL, n (%) | 40 (6.5%) |
CD4+ T cell nadir <200 cells/µL, n (%) | 235 (37.9%) |
CD4+:CD8+ T cell ratio, median (IQR) | 0.81 (0.58–1.14) |
HIV RNA ≥ 50 copies/mL, n (%) | 29 (4.7%) |
Ever AIDS-defining condition, n (%) | 109 (17.6%) |
CMV disease | 4 (0.7%) |
Current use of ART, n (%) | 612 (98.7%) |
NRTI, n (%) | 590 (95.2%) |
NNRTI, n (%) | 307 (49.5%) |
Protease inhibitors, n (%) | 176 (28.4%) |
INSTI, n (%) | 180 (29.0%) |
Duration of ART, years, median (IQR) | 9.8 (4.7–16.8) |
Positive HCV antibody test, n (%) | 71 (11.5%) |
Total (N = 620) | Positive CMV IgG Serostatus (n = 586) | Negative CMV IgG Serostatus (n = 34) | |
---|---|---|---|
Coronary artery disease | |||
Any atherosclerosis | 277 (44.7%) | 261 (44.5%) | 16 (47.1%) |
Obstructive CAD | 77 (12.4%) | 73 (11.5%) | 4 (11.8%) |
Extensive CAD | 58 (9.4%) | 55 (9.4%) | 3 (8.8%) |
Total plaque volume in µL, mean, median (IQR) | 142, 0 (0–153) | 145, 0 (0–156) | 90, 0 (0–106) |
Among those with any plaque a | 315, 175 (86–374) | 322, 180 (88–393) | 200, 126 (67–278) |
Calcified plaque volume in µL, mean, median (IQR) | 30, 0 (0–9.6) | 30, 0 (0–9.9) | 20, 0 (0–5.5) |
Among those with any plaque a | 66, 14 (2–52) | 67, 14 (2–54) | 43, 9 (2–37) |
Fibrotic plaque volume in µL, mean, median (IQR) | 91, 0 (0–114) | 93, 0 (0–115) | 58, 0 (0–89) |
Among those with any plaque a | 202, 132 (66–253) | 206, 133 (66–254) | 128, 108 (50–201) |
Inflamed plaque volume in µL, mean, median (IQR) | 21, 0 (0–25) | 21, 0 (0–28) | 13, 0 (0–14) |
Among those with any plaque a | 47, 31 (13–57) | 47, 32 (14–58) | 28, 18 (9–42) |
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Suarez-Zdunek, M.A.; Knudsen, A.D.; Fuchs, A.; Kirkby, N.S.; Benfield, T.; Gerstoft, J.; Trøseid, M.; Ostrowski, S.R.; Køber, L.V.; Kofoed, K.F.; et al. Cytomegalovirus Antibodies and Coronary Artery Disease in People with HIV: A Cohort Study. Viruses 2025, 17, 231. https://doi.org/10.3390/v17020231
Suarez-Zdunek MA, Knudsen AD, Fuchs A, Kirkby NS, Benfield T, Gerstoft J, Trøseid M, Ostrowski SR, Køber LV, Kofoed KF, et al. Cytomegalovirus Antibodies and Coronary Artery Disease in People with HIV: A Cohort Study. Viruses. 2025; 17(2):231. https://doi.org/10.3390/v17020231
Chicago/Turabian StyleSuarez-Zdunek, Moises Alberto, Andreas Dehlbæk Knudsen, Andreas Fuchs, Nikolai Søren Kirkby, Thomas Benfield, Jan Gerstoft, Marius Trøseid, Sisse Rye Ostrowski, Lars Valeur Køber, Klaus Fuglsang Kofoed, and et al. 2025. "Cytomegalovirus Antibodies and Coronary Artery Disease in People with HIV: A Cohort Study" Viruses 17, no. 2: 231. https://doi.org/10.3390/v17020231
APA StyleSuarez-Zdunek, M. A., Knudsen, A. D., Fuchs, A., Kirkby, N. S., Benfield, T., Gerstoft, J., Trøseid, M., Ostrowski, S. R., Køber, L. V., Kofoed, K. F., & Nielsen, S. D. (2025). Cytomegalovirus Antibodies and Coronary Artery Disease in People with HIV: A Cohort Study. Viruses, 17(2), 231. https://doi.org/10.3390/v17020231