Regulation of Mitochondria-Derived Immune Activation by ‘Antiviral’ TRIM Proteins
Abstract
1. Introduction
2. Stimulation of “Antiviral” Responses by Mitochondria
3. Mitochondria Participate in Antiviral Responses
4. Regulation of Innate Immune Signaling by TRIMs
5. TRIM-Mediated Mitophagy Regulates Mitochondrial “Antiviral-like” Signaling
6. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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TRIMs | Synonym | Mitochondrial Functions |
---|---|---|
TRIM4 | Regulates mitochondrial membrane potential and ROS production in response to oxidative stress [126]. | |
TRIM5 | Regulates mitophagy and inflammation [85,86]. | |
TRIM7 | RNF90/GNIP | Promotes MAVS degradation through K48 ubiquitination [127]. |
TRIM14 | Enhancing RLR signaling via interacting with NEMO and RIG-I [50,68]. | |
TRIM16 | EBBP | Regulates mitochondrial membrane potential and apoptosis [128]. |
TRIM17 | TERF | Regulates apoptosis via regulating the stability of apoptotic proteins [129,130,131]. |
TRIM19 | PML | Regulates mitochondrial metabolism, induces apoptosis, inhibits inflammation [132,133,134]. |
TRIM21 | SSA/RO52 | Induces K27 ubiquitination of MAVS enhancing TBK1-IRF3 activation [69,135]. |
TRIM24 | TIF1α | Regulates antiviral response via TRAF3 ubiquitination enhancing MAVS interaction [136]. |
TRIM25 | EFP | Promotes MAVS degradation through K48 ubiquitination [44,73]. |
TRIM27 | RFP | Induces mitophagy [84]. |
TRIM28 | TIF1β/KAP1/KRIP-1 | Promotes MAVS degradation through K48 ubiquitination, regulates apoptosis, mitophagy, and mitochondrial fusion [71,116,137]. |
TRIM29 | ATDC | Promotes MAVS degradation through K11 ubiquitination [72]. |
TRIM31 | RING | Induce MAVS aggregation and activation; proteasomal degradation of VDAC1. [61,67,138]. |
TRIM32 | BBS11/HT2A | Regulates mitochondrial membrane potential and ROS production in response to oxidative stress. Regulates apoptosis and antiviral response [139,140,141]. |
TRIM34 | IFP1 | Regulates apoptosis [142]. |
TRIM39 | TFP | Regulates apoptosis [143]. |
TRIM40 | RNF35 | Interacts with MAVS [53]. |
TRIM44 | Stabilizes MAVS by deubiquitylation [78]. | |
TRIM63 | MURF1 | Regulates mitochondrial metabolism [144,145,146]. |
TRIM65 | May regulate mitophagy/apoptosis [117]. | |
TRIM67 | TNL | Interacts with MAVS [147]. |
TRIM72 | MG53 | Regulates mitophagy and inflammation [148]. |
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Oh, S.; Mandell, M.A. Regulation of Mitochondria-Derived Immune Activation by ‘Antiviral’ TRIM Proteins. Viruses 2024, 16, 1161. https://doi.org/10.3390/v16071161
Oh S, Mandell MA. Regulation of Mitochondria-Derived Immune Activation by ‘Antiviral’ TRIM Proteins. Viruses. 2024; 16(7):1161. https://doi.org/10.3390/v16071161
Chicago/Turabian StyleOh, Seeun, and Michael A. Mandell. 2024. "Regulation of Mitochondria-Derived Immune Activation by ‘Antiviral’ TRIM Proteins" Viruses 16, no. 7: 1161. https://doi.org/10.3390/v16071161
APA StyleOh, S., & Mandell, M. A. (2024). Regulation of Mitochondria-Derived Immune Activation by ‘Antiviral’ TRIM Proteins. Viruses, 16(7), 1161. https://doi.org/10.3390/v16071161