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Volume 16
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10.3390/v16040603
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Review

Viral Threats to Fruit and Vegetable Crops in the Caribbean

by
Paula Tennant
1,2,*,
Sephra Rampersad
3,
Angela Alleyne
4,
Lloyd Johnson
1,
Deiondra Tai
2,
Icolyn Amarakoon
5,
Marcia Roye
2,
Patrice Pitter
2,6,
Peta-Gaye Chang
6 and
Lisa Myers Morgan
6
1
Department of Life Sciences, The University of the West Indies, Mona, St. Andrew JMAAW07, Jamaica
2
Biotechnology Centre, The University of the West Indies, Mona, St. Andrew JMAAW07, Jamaica
3
Department of Life Sciences, The University of the West Indies, St. Augustine 999183, Trinidad and Tobago
4
Department of Biological and Chemical Sciences, The University of the West Indies, Cave Hill, Bridgetown BB11000, Barbados
5
Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Biochemistry Section, Faculty of Medical Sciences Teaching and Research Complex, The University of the West Indies, Mona, St. Andrew JMAAW07, Jamaica
6
Ministry of Agriculture, Bodles Research Station, Old Harbour, St. Catherine JMACE18, Jamaica
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Viruses 2024, 16(4), 603; https://doi.org/10.3390/v16040603
Submission received: 26 January 2024 / Revised: 4 April 2024 / Accepted: 5 April 2024 / Published: 13 April 2024
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Emerging Fruit and Vegetable Viruses 2023)
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Abstract

Viruses pose major global challenges to crop production as infections reduce the yield and quality of harvested products, hinder germplasm exchange, increase financial inputs, and threaten food security. Small island or archipelago habitat conditions such as those in the Caribbean are particularly susceptible as the region is characterized by high rainfall and uniform, warm temperatures throughout the year. Moreover, Caribbean islands are continuously exposed to disease risks because of their location at the intersection of transcontinental trade between North and South America and their role as central hubs for regional and global agricultural commodity trade. This review provides a summary of virus disease epidemics that originated in the Caribbean and those that were introduced and spread throughout the islands. Epidemic-associated factors that impact disease development are also discussed. Understanding virus disease epidemiology, adoption of new diagnostic technologies, implementation of biosafety protocols, and widespread acceptance of biotechnology solutions to counter the effects of cultivar susceptibility remain important challenges to the region. Effective integrated disease management requires a comprehensive approach that should include upgraded phytosanitary measures and continuous surveillance with rapid and appropriate responses.
Keywords: biosafety; biosecurity; detection; developing countries; diversity; epidemiology; integrated disease management; transmission biosafety; biosecurity; detection; developing countries; diversity; epidemiology; integrated disease management; transmission

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MDPI and ACS Style

Tennant, P.; Rampersad, S.; Alleyne, A.; Johnson, L.; Tai, D.; Amarakoon, I.; Roye, M.; Pitter, P.; Chang, P.-G.; Myers Morgan, L. Viral Threats to Fruit and Vegetable Crops in the Caribbean. Viruses 2024, 16, 603. https://doi.org/10.3390/v16040603

AMA Style

Tennant P, Rampersad S, Alleyne A, Johnson L, Tai D, Amarakoon I, Roye M, Pitter P, Chang P-G, Myers Morgan L. Viral Threats to Fruit and Vegetable Crops in the Caribbean. Viruses. 2024; 16(4):603. https://doi.org/10.3390/v16040603

Chicago/Turabian Style

Tennant, Paula, Sephra Rampersad, Angela Alleyne, Lloyd Johnson, Deiondra Tai, Icolyn Amarakoon, Marcia Roye, Patrice Pitter, Peta-Gaye Chang, and Lisa Myers Morgan. 2024. "Viral Threats to Fruit and Vegetable Crops in the Caribbean" Viruses 16, no. 4: 603. https://doi.org/10.3390/v16040603

APA Style

Tennant, P., Rampersad, S., Alleyne, A., Johnson, L., Tai, D., Amarakoon, I., Roye, M., Pitter, P., Chang, P.-G., & Myers Morgan, L. (2024). Viral Threats to Fruit and Vegetable Crops in the Caribbean. Viruses, 16(4), 603. https://doi.org/10.3390/v16040603

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