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Volume 16
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10.3390/v16040559
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Article

Measles Virus-Based Vaccine Expressing Membrane-Anchored Spike of SARS-CoV-2 Inducing Efficacious Systemic and Mucosal Humoral Immunity in Hamsters

by
Zhi-Hui Yang
,
Yan-Li Song
,
Jie Pei
,
Song-Zhuang Li
,
Rui-Lun Liu
,
Yu Xiong
,
Jie Wu
,
Yuan-Lang Liu
,
Hui-Fen Fan
,
Jia-Hui Wu
,
Ze-Jun Wang
,
Jing Guo
,
Sheng-Li Meng
,
Xiao-Qi Chen
,
Jia Lu
* and
Shuo Shen
*
Wuhan Institute of Biological Products Co. Ltd., Wuhan 430207, China
*
Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Viruses 2024, 16(4), 559; https://doi.org/10.3390/v16040559
Submission received: 7 March 2024 / Revised: 29 March 2024 / Accepted: 1 April 2024 / Published: 3 April 2024
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Immunogenicity and Safety of COVID-19 Vaccine: A Milestone Achieved in the Battle against the Pandemic)
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Abstract

As SARS-CoV-2 continues to evolve and COVID-19 cases rapidly increase among children and adults, there is an urgent need for a safe and effective vaccine that can elicit systemic and mucosal humoral immunity to limit the emergence of new variants. Using the Chinese Hu191 measles virus (MeV-hu191) vaccine strain as a backbone, we developed MeV chimeras stably expressing the prefusion forms of either membrane-anchored, full-length spike (rMeV-preFS), or its soluble secreted spike trimers with the help of the SP-D trimerization tag (rMeV-S+SPD) of SARS-CoV-2 Omicron BA.2. The two vaccine candidates were administrated in golden Syrian hamsters through the intranasal or subcutaneous routes to determine the optimal immunization route for challenge. The intranasal delivery of rMeV-S+SPD induced a more robust mucosal IgA antibody response than the subcutaneous route. The mucosal IgA antibody induced by rMeV-preFS through the intranasal routine was slightly higher than the subcutaneous route, but there was no significant difference. The rMeV-preFS vaccine stimulated higher mucosal IgA than the rMeV-S+SPD vaccine through intranasal or subcutaneous administration. In hamsters, intranasal administration of the rMeV-preFS vaccine elicited high levels of NAbs, protecting against the SARS-CoV-2 Omicron BA.2 variant challenge by reducing virus loads and diminishing pathological changes in vaccinated animals. Encouragingly, sera collected from the rMeV-preFS group consistently showed robust and significantly high neutralizing titers against the latest variant XBB.1.16. These data suggest that rMeV-preFS is a highly promising COVID-19 candidate vaccine that has great potential to be developed into bivalent vaccines (MeV/SARS-CoV-2).
Keywords: SARS-CoV-2; Omicron BA.2; spike protein; measles virus; SP-D; trimerization tag; mucosal immunity SARS-CoV-2; Omicron BA.2; spike protein; measles virus; SP-D; trimerization tag; mucosal immunity

Share and Cite

MDPI and ACS Style

Yang, Z.-H.; Song, Y.-L.; Pei, J.; Li, S.-Z.; Liu, R.-L.; Xiong, Y.; Wu, J.; Liu, Y.-L.; Fan, H.-F.; Wu, J.-H.; et al. Measles Virus-Based Vaccine Expressing Membrane-Anchored Spike of SARS-CoV-2 Inducing Efficacious Systemic and Mucosal Humoral Immunity in Hamsters. Viruses 2024, 16, 559. https://doi.org/10.3390/v16040559

AMA Style

Yang Z-H, Song Y-L, Pei J, Li S-Z, Liu R-L, Xiong Y, Wu J, Liu Y-L, Fan H-F, Wu J-H, et al. Measles Virus-Based Vaccine Expressing Membrane-Anchored Spike of SARS-CoV-2 Inducing Efficacious Systemic and Mucosal Humoral Immunity in Hamsters. Viruses. 2024; 16(4):559. https://doi.org/10.3390/v16040559

Chicago/Turabian Style

Yang, Zhi-Hui, Yan-Li Song, Jie Pei, Song-Zhuang Li, Rui-Lun Liu, Yu Xiong, Jie Wu, Yuan-Lang Liu, Hui-Fen Fan, Jia-Hui Wu, and et al. 2024. "Measles Virus-Based Vaccine Expressing Membrane-Anchored Spike of SARS-CoV-2 Inducing Efficacious Systemic and Mucosal Humoral Immunity in Hamsters" Viruses 16, no. 4: 559. https://doi.org/10.3390/v16040559

APA Style

Yang, Z.-H., Song, Y.-L., Pei, J., Li, S.-Z., Liu, R.-L., Xiong, Y., Wu, J., Liu, Y.-L., Fan, H.-F., Wu, J.-H., Wang, Z.-J., Guo, J., Meng, S.-L., Chen, X.-Q., Lu, J., & Shen, S. (2024). Measles Virus-Based Vaccine Expressing Membrane-Anchored Spike of SARS-CoV-2 Inducing Efficacious Systemic and Mucosal Humoral Immunity in Hamsters. Viruses, 16(4), 559. https://doi.org/10.3390/v16040559

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