B and T Cell Responses to SARS-CoV-2 Vaccination in Kidney and Liver Transplant Recipients with and without Previous COVID-19
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Study Participants
2.2. Assessment of Vaccine-Related Side Effects
2.3. Procedures
2.4. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Baseline Demographics
3.2. Vaccination with BNT162b2 Results in Reduced Humoral and Cellular Immune Responses in SOT Recipients
3.3. Transplant Patients Who Failed to Achieve Protective Antibody Titres after Two Immunisations with BNT162b2 Benefit from a Booster Vaccination with mRNA-1273
3.4. In SOT Recipients, Humoral Responses after Two Vaccinations with BNT162b2 Are Most Negatively Affected by Mycophenolate
3.5. SOT Recipients Experience Fewer but More Severe Vaccine-Related Side Effects Than Healthy Controls
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Baseline Characteristics | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Unit | All SOT Recipients | NTX + PTX Recipients | LTX Recipients | Healthy Controls | |
N | 68 | 45 | 23 | 41 | |
Post COVID, N (%) | 8 (11.8) | 8 (17.8) | 0 (0) | 14 (34.1) | |
Sex female, N (%) | 21 (30.9) | 15 (33.3) | 6 (26.1) | 21 (51.2) | |
Age, N (SD) | years | 58.5 (18.6) | 58.4 (11.2) | 58.8 (28.2) | 36.7 (10.3) |
BMI, mean (SD) | kg/m2 | 26.0 (4.0) | 26.0 (4.0) | 26.2 (4.0) | 23.6 (5.9) |
Time since Tx, mean (SD) | 13.7 (6.5) | 13.9 (6.1) | 13.3 (7.2) | - | |
Hb, mean (SD) | g/dL | 13.2 (2.2) | 13.0 (2.4) | 13.7 (1.6) | - |
GFR, mean (SD) | mL/min | 52.1 (22.4) | 51.7 (24.9) | 52.9 (15.2) | - |
GOT, mean (SD) | U/I | 23.8 (7.2) | 22.6 (6.0) | 26.3 (9.1) | - |
GPT, mean (SD) | U/I | 22.2 (10.0) | 21.1 (9.4) | 24.8 (11.2) | - |
Bilirubin, mean (SD) | mg/dL | 0.6 (0.3) | 0.6 (0.3) | 0.6 (0.2) | - |
Albumin, mean (SD) | mg/dL | 4215.9 (627.4) | 4233.1 (322.1) | 4175.3 (1059.1) | - |
Immunosuppressants, N (%) | |||||
GC | 19 (28) | 16 (36) | 3 (13) | - | |
CNI | 57 (84) | 37 (82) | 20 (87) | - | |
MMF/MPA | 49 (72) | 37 (82) | 12 (52) | - | |
AZA | 3 (4) | 3 (7) | 0 (0) | - | |
mTOR | 6 (9) | 5 (11) | 1 (4) | - | |
Other | 1 (1) | 1 (2) | 0 (0) | - | |
Vaccine related side effects | |||||
p-Value | All SOT recipients | NTX + PTX recipients | LTX recipients | Healthy controls | |
N | <0.01 | 68 | 45 | 23 | 41 |
Any, N (%) | <0.01 | 33 (48.5) | 20 (44.4) | 13 (56.5) | 31 (75.6) |
Local, N (%) | 0.65 | 22 (32.4) | 14 (31.1) | 8 (34.8) | 15 (36.6) |
Systemic, N (%) | <0.01 | 22 (32.4) | 14 (31.1) | 8 (34.8) | 27 (65.9) |
Severity, mean | <0.01 | 0.50 | 0.47 | 0.57 | 0.07 |
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Watschinger, C.; Stampfel, G.; Zollner, A.; Hoog, A.M.; Rössler, A.; Reiter, S.; Dax, K.; Kimpel, J.; Tilg, H.; Antlanger, M.; et al. B and T Cell Responses to SARS-CoV-2 Vaccination in Kidney and Liver Transplant Recipients with and without Previous COVID-19. Viruses 2024, 16, 1. https://doi.org/10.3390/v16010001
Watschinger C, Stampfel G, Zollner A, Hoog AM, Rössler A, Reiter S, Dax K, Kimpel J, Tilg H, Antlanger M, et al. B and T Cell Responses to SARS-CoV-2 Vaccination in Kidney and Liver Transplant Recipients with and without Previous COVID-19. Viruses. 2024; 16(1):1. https://doi.org/10.3390/v16010001
Chicago/Turabian StyleWatschinger, Christina, Gerald Stampfel, Andreas Zollner, Anna M. Hoog, Annika Rössler, Silvia Reiter, Kristina Dax, Janine Kimpel, Herbert Tilg, Marlies Antlanger, and et al. 2024. "B and T Cell Responses to SARS-CoV-2 Vaccination in Kidney and Liver Transplant Recipients with and without Previous COVID-19" Viruses 16, no. 1: 1. https://doi.org/10.3390/v16010001