Coronary Stent Thrombosis in COVID-19 Patients: A Systematic Review of Cases Reported Worldwide
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Methods
3. Results
4. Discussion
5. Limitations
6. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Category | Early | Late | Very Late | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Acute | Subacute | |||
Time after stent implantation | <24 h | >24 h but ≤30 days | >30 days but ≤1 year | >1 year |
Case Number | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Publication | Prieto-Lobato et al. [27] | Hinterseer et al. [28] | Lacour et al. [29] | Antuna et al. [30] | Ayan et al. [31] | |||
Gender | M | M | M | M | M | M | M | M |
Age | 39 | 71 | 86 | 85 | 65 | 68 | 81 | 64 |
Presentation | STEMI | NSTEMI | STEMI | STEMI | STEMI | STEMI | STEMI | NSTEMI |
Localisation of stent thrombosis | LCX | RCA med. | LAD prox. | LAD prox. | LAD | LAD prox. | LAD | LCX (OM) |
Type of thrombosed stent | DES ×2 3.0 × 15 mm | BMS 3.5 × 18 mm | DES 3.0 × 8 mm | DES 3.5 × 32 mm | DES 3.0 × 22 mm | DES | DES 3.0 × 15 mm | DES 3.0 × 38 mm |
Type and time of stent thrombosis | Acute—30 min | Very late— 13 years | Very late— 2 years | Very late— 4 years | Very late— 2 years | 2×: Acute—2 h and 36 h—Two Episodes | Late— 3 months | Subacute— 3 days |
APT before admission | None | ASA | ASA | ASA | ASA | - | ASA + Clopidogrel | - |
APT during PCI | ASA + Clopidogrel | ASA + Clopidogrel | ASA + Clopidogrel | ASA + Prasugrel | ASA + Prasugrel | ASA + Ticagrelor | N/A | ASA + Clopidogrel |
Fibrynolytic therapy | - | - | - | - | - | Tenecteplase—due to extended delay to primary PCI | - | - |
PCI technique: | GPIIb/IIIa BA OCT | GPIIb/IIIa DES Thrombectomy | DES | GPIIb/IIIa BA IVUS Thrombectomy | GPIIb/IIIa BA DES | BA Thrombectomy | GPIIb/IIIa BA OCT Thrombectomy | GPIIb/IIIa BA DES |
APT discharge | ASA + Ticagrelor | ASA + Ticagrelor | ASA + Clopidogrel | ASA + Clopidogrel | ASA + Prasugrel | N/A | ASA + Ticagrelor | ASA + Ticagrelor |
EF% | 45 | 55 | 45 | 30 | 35 | 15 | N/A | 45 |
Patients characteristics: | ||||||||
DM prior ACS HTN | CKD prior ACS HTN | DM CKD prior ACS PVD HTN | prior ACS | DM prior ACS HTN | DM | prior ACS HTN | HTN | |
So2 (%) on admission | 90 | 96 | 95 | 95 | 78 | N/A | N/A | 83 |
Significant elevation: | ||||||||
D-Dimer | H | H | H | H | - | - | H | H |
Fibrinogen | H | N | H | N | - | - | H | - |
APTT | N | N | N | N | - | - | - | N |
CRP | H | H | H | H | H | H | H | H |
Ferritin | H | H | N | H | - | - | - | H |
Follow-up | Survived: Discharged after 4 days | Survived: Discharged without complications | Survived: Discharged after 5 days | Survived: Discharged after 10 days | Death: ARDS -Multi-organ failure due to COVID-19 complications | Death: Recurrent stent thrombosis 36 h later. Thrombectomy failed to provide reperfusion | Survived: Discharged after 2 days | Survived |
Case Number | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Publication | Galleazzi et al. [32] | Choudhary et al. [33] | Kunal et al. [34] | Elkholy et al. [35] | Hauguel-Moreau et al. [36] | Eskandarian et al. [37] | Kumar et al. [38] | Zaher et al. [39] | Tabatabai et al. [40] |
Gender | M | M | M | M | M | M | M | M | M |
Age | 79 | 64 | 40 | 48 | 65 | 65 | 64 | 51 | 57 |
Presentation | STEMI | NSTEMI | STEMI | STEMI | STEMI | STEMI | STEMI | STEMI | STEMI |
Localisation of stent thrombosis | RCA prox. | RCA | LAD prox. | LAD med. | LAD med. + RCA (PDA) —DUAL thrombosis | LAD | RCA | LCX | LAD |
Type of thrombosed stent | DES | DES | DES 3.0 × 26 mm | DES 2.75 × 34 mm | N/A | DES | DES | 2× DES 2.5 × 18 mm & 3.0 × 23 mm | DES 3.0 × 18 mm |
Type and time of stent thrombosis | Very late—2 years | Subacute— 5 days | Very late— 2 years | Subacute— 3 days | Very late— 2 and 10 years | Very late—2 years | Acute— 2 h | Acute—minutes | Subacute— 26 days |
APT before admission | ASA | - | ASA | - | ASA | ASA | - | ASA + Ticagrelor | ASA + Clopidogrel |
APT during PCI | N/A | ASA + Clopidogrel | ASA + Ticagrelor | ASA + Clopidogrel | ASA + Cangrelor | N/A | ASA + Ticagrelor | N/A | ASA + Ticagrelor |
Fibrynolytic therapy | - | - | - | - | - | + | - | - | - |
PCI technique: | DES | Thrombectomy | GPIIb/IIIa BA | BA IMPELLA | DES | - | BA Thrombectomy | BA | GPIIb/IIIa BA Thrombectomy |
APT discharge | N/A | N/A | ASA + Ticagrelor | N/A | ASA + Clopidogrel | N/A | ASA + Prasugrel | N/A | ASA + Ticagrelor |
EF% | N/A | N/A | 35 | 40 | 25 | 25 | 30 | 40 | 30 |
Patient characteristics: | |||||||||
prior ACS | - | prior ACS | DM HTN | - | - | - | DM prior ACS HTN | DM HTN | |
So2 (%) on admission | N/A | N/A | 95 | 96 | N/A | 82 | N/A | 91 | 97 |
Significant elevation: | |||||||||
D-Dimer | - | - | H | H | H | - | - | - | - |
Fibrinogen | - | - | - | - | H | - | - | - | - |
APTT | - | - | - | N | - | - | - | - | - |
CRP | - | - | H | H | H | H | H | - | H |
Ferritin | - | - | - | H | - | - | - | - | H |
Follow-up | Death: Acute respiratory failure | Death: due to time delay and COVID-19 complications | Survived: discharged in a stable condition | Death: ventricular fibrillation refractory to cardioversion and amiodarone | Survived | Survived | Survived: discharged 6 days later | Death: deterioration after acute restenosis with subsequent sudden cardiac arrest | Survived: discharged after completing the isolation period |
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Skorupski, W.J.; Grygier, M.; Lesiak, M.; Kałużna-Oleksy, M. Coronary Stent Thrombosis in COVID-19 Patients: A Systematic Review of Cases Reported Worldwide. Viruses 2022, 14, 260. https://doi.org/10.3390/v14020260
Skorupski WJ, Grygier M, Lesiak M, Kałużna-Oleksy M. Coronary Stent Thrombosis in COVID-19 Patients: A Systematic Review of Cases Reported Worldwide. Viruses. 2022; 14(2):260. https://doi.org/10.3390/v14020260
Chicago/Turabian StyleSkorupski, Wojciech Jan, Marek Grygier, Maciej Lesiak, and Marta Kałużna-Oleksy. 2022. "Coronary Stent Thrombosis in COVID-19 Patients: A Systematic Review of Cases Reported Worldwide" Viruses 14, no. 2: 260. https://doi.org/10.3390/v14020260
APA StyleSkorupski, W. J., Grygier, M., Lesiak, M., & Kałużna-Oleksy, M. (2022). Coronary Stent Thrombosis in COVID-19 Patients: A Systematic Review of Cases Reported Worldwide. Viruses, 14(2), 260. https://doi.org/10.3390/v14020260