Transmission of Grapevine leafroll-associated virus-1 (Ampelovirus) and Grapevine virus A (Vitivirus) by the Cottony Grape Scale, Pulvinaria vitis (Hemiptera: Coccidae)
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Origin of Viruses and Insects
2.2. Recipient Grapevines
2.3. Infectivity Experiments
2.4. Controlled Transmission Experiments
- First instar nymphs (L1)
- Second instar nymphs (L2)
- Inoculation access period (IAP)
2.5. Virus Detection
3. Results
3.1. Infectivity of Natural Populations
3.2. Controlled Transmission Experiments
4. Discussion
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Locality | Bennwihr | Kienheim | Kienheim | Nothalten | Turckheim | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Latitude | 48°08′18″ N | 48°41′33″ N | 48°41′37″ N | 48°21′32″ N | 48°05′42″ N | |
Longitude | 7°19′07″ E | 7°35′32″ E | 7°35′33″ E | 7°24′40″ E | 7°16′34″ E | |
Variety | Pinot noir | Gewurztraminer | Pinot gris | Riesling | Sylvaner | |
source vine viruses | GLRaV−1 | 1 | 1 | 3 | ||
GLRaV−3 | 3 | |||||
GLRaV−1; GVA | 9 | 1 | ||||
GLRaV−1,−3 | 1 | 2 | ||||
GLRaV−3; GVA | 1 | |||||
GLRaV−1,−3; GVA | 2 | 10 | ||||
GLRaV−1,−2,−3; GVA | 1 | |||||
number of vines tested | 6 | 1 | 1 | 26 | 1 |
Cultivar and Accession | Transmission Rates | |||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Soft Scale | Mean No. | Vine | Viruses in | GLRaV−1 | GLRaV−3 | GLRaV−4 Strains | GVA | Test | ||||
Origin | /Stage | for AAP | Origin | Source Vines | 4 | 5 | 6 | 9 | Vines | |||
Kienheim | 100 L1 | Liali Bidona Y258 | Armenia | GLRaV−1, −3; GVA | 3/4 | 0/4 | - | - | - | - | 1/4 | P115 |
Nothalten | 18 L2 | Yshouhali Y318 | Iran | GLRaV−1, −3; GVA | 0/10 | 0/10 | - | - | - | - | 0/10 | P115 |
Bennwihr | 50 L1 | Pinot noir P70 | France | GLRaV−1; GVA | 2/4 | - | - | - | - | - | 0/4 | P115 |
Furdenheim | 12 L2 | Pinot noir P70 | 0/10 | - | - | - | - | - | 0/10 | P115 | ||
Kienheim | 23 L2 | Pinot noir P70 | 7/13 | - | - | - | - | - | 5/13 | P115 | ||
Nothalten | 100 L1 | Koudsi Y252 | Israel | GLRaV−4; GVA | - | - | 0/10 | - | - | - | nt | MO |
Nothalten | 100 L1 | Black Monukka Y199 | USA | GLRaV−5, −6; GVA | - | - | - | 0/11 | 0/11 | - | nt | MO |
Nothalten | 100 L1 | White Emperor Y217 | USA | GLRaV−5; GVA | - | - | - | 0/10 | - | - | nt | MO |
Nothalten | 100 L1 | Cabernet Sauvignon Cab 119-66 | France | GLRaV−9; GVA | - | - | - | - | - | 0/11 | nt | MO |
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Hommay, G.; Alliaume, A.; Reinbold, C.; Herrbach, E. Transmission of Grapevine leafroll-associated virus-1 (Ampelovirus) and Grapevine virus A (Vitivirus) by the Cottony Grape Scale, Pulvinaria vitis (Hemiptera: Coccidae). Viruses 2021, 13, 2081. https://doi.org/10.3390/v13102081
Hommay G, Alliaume A, Reinbold C, Herrbach E. Transmission of Grapevine leafroll-associated virus-1 (Ampelovirus) and Grapevine virus A (Vitivirus) by the Cottony Grape Scale, Pulvinaria vitis (Hemiptera: Coccidae). Viruses. 2021; 13(10):2081. https://doi.org/10.3390/v13102081
Chicago/Turabian StyleHommay, Gérard, Antoine Alliaume, Catherine Reinbold, and Etienne Herrbach. 2021. "Transmission of Grapevine leafroll-associated virus-1 (Ampelovirus) and Grapevine virus A (Vitivirus) by the Cottony Grape Scale, Pulvinaria vitis (Hemiptera: Coccidae)" Viruses 13, no. 10: 2081. https://doi.org/10.3390/v13102081
APA StyleHommay, G., Alliaume, A., Reinbold, C., & Herrbach, E. (2021). Transmission of Grapevine leafroll-associated virus-1 (Ampelovirus) and Grapevine virus A (Vitivirus) by the Cottony Grape Scale, Pulvinaria vitis (Hemiptera: Coccidae). Viruses, 13(10), 2081. https://doi.org/10.3390/v13102081