Identification of an Intermediate Step in Foamy Virus Fusion
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Expression Constructs and Virus Preparation
2.2. Spinning Disk Confocal Microscope
2.3. Live-Cell Imaging Experiments
2.4. Data Analysis
2.5. Estimation of the Cell Surface
3. Results
3.1. Characterization of Foamy Virus Particles
3.2. Investigation of Individual Prototype Foamy Virus Env-Mediated Fusion Events
3.3. Fusion Mediated by Simian Foamy Virus Env
3.4. Analysis of All Observed Events
3.5. A Puzzling Delay in Fusion
4. Discussion
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
Abbreviations
DIC | differential interference contrast |
DMEM | Dulbecco’s Modified Eagle Medium |
eGFP | enhanced green fluorescent protein |
Env | envelope |
eMLV | ecotropic murine leukemia virus |
FBS | fetal bovine serum |
FV | foamy virus |
Gag | group specific antigen |
HIV-1 | human immunodeficiency virus 1 |
INF | influenza A virus |
LP | leader peptide |
mRNA | messenger RNA |
MSD | mean square displacement |
PBS | phosphate-buffered saline |
PFV | prototype foamy virus |
Pol | polymerase |
RNA | ribonucleic acid |
SFVmac | macaque simian foamy virus |
SFVmcy | simian foamy virus Macaca cyclopis |
SFVpsc | simian foamy virus Pan troglodytes schweinfurthii |
SU | surface |
SVT | single virus tracing |
TM | transmembrane |
TrIC | tracking image correlation |
vRNA | viral RNA |
VSV | vesicular stomatitis virus |
YFP | yellow fluorescent protein |
Appendix A
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Label of Virus Prep | vgRNA | Viral Gag | Viral Env | Gag Ratio Tagged: Untagged | ∑ Green Particles | % Coloc. Green ± SEM | ∑ Red Particles | % Coloc. Red ± SEM |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
PFV wt 1,2 | wt | PG EG | PE Ch | 1:0 | 6666 | 97 ± 0.8 | 12,649 | 55 ± 0.5 |
PFV wt 2 | wt | PG EG | PE Ch | 1:3 | 2365 | 98 ± 0.2 | 7683 | 33 ± 0.7 |
PFV wt 1,2 | wt | PG EG | PE Ch | 1:3 | 1476 | 93 ± 1 | 4022 | 33 ± 1 |
PFV iFuse 1 | wt | PG EG | PE Ch iCS1 | 1:3 | 542 | 95 ± 1 | 1159 | 48 ± 2 |
PFV no vRNA | - | PG EG | PE Ch | 1:3 | 168 | 100 ± 0 | 351 | 48 ± 6 |
PFV long vRNA | long | PG EG | PE Ch | 1:3 | 152 | 94 ± 6 | 235 | 64 ± 5 |
SFV wt 1 | wt | PG EG | SE Ch | 1:3 | 944 | 93 ± 0.8 | 3290 | 30 ± 1 |
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Dupont, A.; Glück, I.M.; Ponti, D.; Stirnnagel, K.; Hütter, S.; Perrotton, F.; Stanke, N.; Richter, S.; Lindemann, D.; Lamb, D.C. Identification of an Intermediate Step in Foamy Virus Fusion. Viruses 2020, 12, 1472. https://doi.org/10.3390/v12121472
Dupont A, Glück IM, Ponti D, Stirnnagel K, Hütter S, Perrotton F, Stanke N, Richter S, Lindemann D, Lamb DC. Identification of an Intermediate Step in Foamy Virus Fusion. Viruses. 2020; 12(12):1472. https://doi.org/10.3390/v12121472
Chicago/Turabian StyleDupont, Aurélie, Ivo M. Glück, Dorothee Ponti, Kristin Stirnnagel, Sylvia Hütter, Florian Perrotton, Nicole Stanke, Stefanie Richter, Dirk Lindemann, and Don C. Lamb. 2020. "Identification of an Intermediate Step in Foamy Virus Fusion" Viruses 12, no. 12: 1472. https://doi.org/10.3390/v12121472