A Novel RNA Virus in the Parasitoid Wasp Lysiphlebus fabarum: Genomic Structure, Prevalence, and Transmission
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Insect Material
2.2. PCR-Based Viral Screening
2.3. Real-Time Quantitative PCR
2.4. Assembly of Viral Genome
2.5. Phylogenetic Placement of LysV
2.6. Transmission Assay
2.7. Statistical Analyses
3. Results
3.1. Lab Populations
3.2. Wild Populations
3.3. Description of the Viral Genome
3.4. Phylogenetic Placement of LysV
3.5. Transmission of LysV
4. Discussion
4.1. A New RNA Virus
4.2. Viral Haplotype Variation in Wild Populations
4.3. Symptoms
4.4. Viral Transmission
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Population | April 2016 | October 2016 | Fisher’s Exact Test | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Experimental evolution populations | H– | 0% (n = 10) | 0% (n = 18) | p = 1 |
H76 | 91.8% (n = 98) | 19.1% (n = 21) | p < 0.001 | |
H402 | 0% (n = 78) | 0% (n = 17) | p = 1 | |
H76 on H– | 50% (n = 8) | 17.6% (n = 17) | p = 0.156 | |
H402 on H– | 25% (n = 4) | 0% (n = 19) | p = 0.174 | |
Asexual populations | IL06-242 | 0% (n = 15) | 0% (n = 20) | p = 1 |
IL06–680 | 0% (n = 15) | 0% (n = 20) | p = 1 | |
IL07–64 | 33.3% (n = 15) | 0% (n = 20) | p = 0.009 | |
IL09–402 | 0% (n = 15) | 0% (n = 20) | p = 1 | |
IL09–554 | 33.3% (n = 15) | 0% (n = 20) | p = 0.009 | |
Sexual population | sexual mixed population | 75% (n = 20) | 92.9% (n = 42) | p = 0.098 |
Population | Number of Wasps Tested (PCR) | Number of Samples Infected (PCR) | |
---|---|---|---|
Wild populations | 2006 | 250 | 0 |
2009 | 40 | 1 | |
2012 | 12 | 0 | |
2012 founding populations before lab | 17 | 4 | |
2012 founding populations after lab | 36 | 2 (samples of 4 wasps each) | |
2016 | 13 | 0 |
Population | Generation | # of Wasps Tested (PCR) | # of Wasps Infected (PCR) | Infection Percentage | Type of Transmission |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
H76 (sexual) | 1 | 28 | 4 | 14.3% | Horizontal |
2 | 71 | 36 | 50.7% | Vertical and horizontal | |
3 | 93 | 11 | 11.8% | Vertical and horizontal | |
IL06-242 (asexual) | 1 | 13 | 0 | 0% | NA |
2 | 15 | 0 | 0% | NA | |
3 | 82 | 2 | 0.02% | Horizontal |
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Lüthi, M.N.; Vorburger, C.; Dennis, A.B. A Novel RNA Virus in the Parasitoid Wasp Lysiphlebus fabarum: Genomic Structure, Prevalence, and Transmission. Viruses 2020, 12, 59. https://doi.org/10.3390/v12010059
Lüthi MN, Vorburger C, Dennis AB. A Novel RNA Virus in the Parasitoid Wasp Lysiphlebus fabarum: Genomic Structure, Prevalence, and Transmission. Viruses. 2020; 12(1):59. https://doi.org/10.3390/v12010059
Chicago/Turabian StyleLüthi, Martina N., Christoph Vorburger, and Alice B. Dennis. 2020. "A Novel RNA Virus in the Parasitoid Wasp Lysiphlebus fabarum: Genomic Structure, Prevalence, and Transmission" Viruses 12, no. 1: 59. https://doi.org/10.3390/v12010059
APA StyleLüthi, M. N., Vorburger, C., & Dennis, A. B. (2020). A Novel RNA Virus in the Parasitoid Wasp Lysiphlebus fabarum: Genomic Structure, Prevalence, and Transmission. Viruses, 12(1), 59. https://doi.org/10.3390/v12010059