Marine Morbilliviruses: Diversity and Interaction with Signaling Lymphocyte Activation Molecules
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Discovery of Marine Morbilliviruses
3. Epidemiological Studies Based on Molecular Biology and Serology
4. Pathology and Pathogenesis
5. Transmission and Maintenance of PDV and CeMV
6. Interaction between SLAM and the Viral H Protein
6.1. Phylogenetic Relationship between SLAMs and Viral H Proteins
6.2. The SLAM–Viral H Protein Interface
6.3. SLAM Residues Important for Binding to the Morbillivirus H Protein
6.4. Sequence Variations in the 35 SLAM Residues Potentially Involved in H Protein Binding among Pinnipeds and Carnivores
6.5. Sequence Variations in the 35 SLAM Residues Potentially Involved in H Protein Binding Among Cetaceans
6.6. Host Switching and Expansion of CeMV Beyond the Order
7. In silico Analysis
8. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Family | Species | References |
---|---|---|
Phocidae | Harbor seal (Phoca vitulina) | [33] *, [34,35,36,57,58,59], [60,61] *, [62], [63,64,65] * |
Ringed seal (Phoca hispida) | [39,66,67] | |
Spotted seal (Phoca larga) | [59] | |
Harp seal (Phoca groenlandicus) | [39], [65] *, [66,67,68,69,70] | |
Grey seal (Halichoerus grypus) | [57,58,65,71,72,73] | |
Hooded seal (Cystophora cristata) | [66,67,70] | |
Odobenidae | Walrus (Odobenus rosmarus) | [74,75] |
Otariidae | Steller sea lion (Eumetopias jubatus) | [59] |
Hooker’s sea lion (Phocartos hookeri) | [5] | |
New Zealand fur seal (Arctocephalus forsteri) | [5] |
Family | Species | References |
---|---|---|
Odontoceti | ||
Delphinidae | Common dolphin (Delphinus delphis) | [76,77,78], [79] *, [80], [81,82,83] *, [84] |
Long-beaked common dolphin (Delphinus capensis) | [85] | |
Bottlenose dolphin (Tursiops truncatus) | [53], [54] *, [80], [83] *, [85,86,87], [88] *, [89], [90,91,92,93,94] * | |
Indo-Ocean bottlenose dolphin (Tursiops aduncus) | [83,92,95] * | |
Striped dolphin (Stenella coeruleoalba) | [51,52] *, [76,78,80], [81,82,90,94,96,97] * | |
Atlantic spotted dolphin (Stenella frontalis) | [78] | |
Long-finned pilot whale (Globicephala melas) | [80], [88,90] *, [98], [99,100] * | |
Short-finned pilot whale (Globicephala macrorhynchus) | [81,98], [100,101] * | |
White-beaked dolphin (Lagenorhynchus albirostris | [50,77], [102,103] * | |
Atlantic white-sided dolphin (Lagenorhynchus acutus) | [78] | |
Pacific white-sided dolphin (Lagenorhynchus obliquidens) | [104] | |
Dusky dolphin (Lagenorhynchus obscurus) | [85] | |
Rough-toothed dolphin (Steno bredanensis) | [94] * | |
Spotted dolphin (Stenella attenuata) | [94] * | |
Spinner dolphin (Stenella longirostris) | [94] * | |
Fraser’s dolphin (Lagenodelphis hosei) | [78,80,92] | |
Risso’s dolphin (Grampus griseus) | [80], [94,105] * | |
False killer whale (Pseudorca crassidens) | [78] | |
Melon-headed whale (Peponocephala electra) | [92] | |
Pygmy killer whale (Feresa attenuata) | [78] | |
Guiana dolphin (Sotalia guianensis) | [106,107] * | |
Phocoenidae | Harbor porpoise (Phocoena phocoena) | [48,49,50] *, [77,78,80] |
Ziphiidae | Cuvier’s beaked whale (Ziphius cavirostris) | [94,108] * |
Longman’s beaked whale (Indopacetus pacificus) | [94,109] * | |
Blainville’s beaked whale (Mesoplodon densirostris) | [94] * | |
Kogiidae | Pygmy sperm whale (Kogia breviceps) | [78], [94,110] * |
Physeteridae | Sperm whale (Physeter macrocephalus) | [94,111,112] * |
Mysticeti | ||
Balaenopteridae | Fin whale (Balaenoptera physalus) | [56] *, [113], [114,115,116] * |
Common minke whale (Balaenoptera acutorostrata) | [117] | |
Bryde’s whale (Balaenoptera edeni) | [92] | |
Humpback whale (Megaptera novaeangliae) | [94] * | |
Balaenidae | Southern right whale (Eubalaena australis) | [118] * |
(a) | ||||||||||||||||||||
Residue 1 | 58 | 60 | 61 | 63 | 65 | 67 | 68 | 69 | 70 | 71 | 72 | 73 | 74 | 75 | 76 | 77 | 80 | 82 | 84 | Virus |
β-strand 2 | C | C | C | C | C’ | C’ | C’ | |||||||||||||
Site 3 | 2 | 2 | 4 | 1 | ||||||||||||||||
Seal | K | I | H | L | T | A | E | S | P | G | N | S | V | K | K | K | S | D | P | PDV |
Dog | K | I | H | L | T | A | E | S | P | G | N | S | I | K | K | K | S | D | P | CDV |
Dolphin | K | I | H | L | T | A | G | S | P | I | D | T | V | K | K | K | S | D | R | CeMV |
Cow | K | I | H | L | T | A | E | S | P | K | D | T | V | K | K | K | S | D | R | RPV |
Sheep | K | I | H | L | T | A | E | S | P | R | D | T | V | K | K | K | S | D | R | PPRV |
Humans | K | I | H | V | T | A | K | S | L | E | N | S | V | E | N | K | S | D | S | MV |
(b) | ||||||||||||||||||||
Residue 1 | 85 | 87 | 90 | 92 | 117 | 119 | 121 | 123 | 124 | 125 | 126 | 127 | 128 | 129 | 130 | 131 | Virus | |||
β-strand 2 | F | F | F | F | G | G | G | G | G | |||||||||||
Site 3 | 1 | 4 | 2 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3&4 | 3 | ||||||||||||
Seal | E | G | R | L | W | F | T | E | E | N | F | S | V | R | H | F | PDV | |||
Dog | E | G | R | L | W | F | T | E | E | N | F | S | V | Q | H | F | CDV | |||
Dolphin | K | D | H | L | W | F | S | E | E | N | I | S | V | Q | H | F | CeMV | |||
Cow | K | D | R | L | W | F | S | E | E | N | V | S | V | Q | H | F | RPV | |||
Sheep | K | G | H | L | W | F | S | E | E | N | V | S | V | Q | H | F | PPRV | |||
Humans | E | G | R | L | W | L | T | E | K | N | V | S | V | Q | R | F | MV |
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Share and Cite
Ohishi, K.; Maruyama, T.; Seki, F.; Takeda, M. Marine Morbilliviruses: Diversity and Interaction with Signaling Lymphocyte Activation Molecules. Viruses 2019, 11, 606. https://doi.org/10.3390/v11070606
Ohishi K, Maruyama T, Seki F, Takeda M. Marine Morbilliviruses: Diversity and Interaction with Signaling Lymphocyte Activation Molecules. Viruses. 2019; 11(7):606. https://doi.org/10.3390/v11070606
Chicago/Turabian StyleOhishi, Kazue, Tadashi Maruyama, Fumio Seki, and Makoto Takeda. 2019. "Marine Morbilliviruses: Diversity and Interaction with Signaling Lymphocyte Activation Molecules" Viruses 11, no. 7: 606. https://doi.org/10.3390/v11070606