Viruses 2019, 11(3), 291; https://doi.org/10.3390/v11030291
Differential Innate Immune Responses Elicited by Nipah Virus and Cedar Virus Correlate with Disparate In Vivo Pathogenesis in Hamsters
Tony Schountz 1,2,*, Corey Campbell 1,2, Kaitlyn Wagner 1, Joel Rovnak 1
, Cynthia Martellaro 3, Blair L DeBuysscher 3,4, Heinz Feldmann 3 and Joseph Prescott 3,5,*
, Cynthia Martellaro 3, Blair L DeBuysscher 3,4, Heinz Feldmann 3 and Joseph Prescott 3,5,*
1
Arthropod-borne and Infectious Diseases Laboratory, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA
2
Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA
3
Laboratory of Virology, Rocky Mountain Laboratories, NIAID, Hamilton, MT 59840, USA
4
Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
5
Center for Biological Threats and Special Pathogens, Robert Koch Institute, 13353 Berlin, Germany
*
Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Received: 25 February 2019 / Revised: 15 March 2019 / Accepted: 20 March 2019 / Published: 22 March 2019
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Viruses and Bats 2019)
Abstract
Syrian hamsters (Mesocricetus auratus) are a pathogenesis model for the Nipah virus (NiV), and we sought to determine if they are also susceptible to the Cedar virus (CedPV). Following intranasal inoculation with CedPV, virus replication occurred in the lungs and spleens of infected hamsters, a neutralizing antibody was produced in some hamsters within 8 days post-challenge, and no conspicuous signs of disease occurred. CedPV replicated to a similar magnitude as NiV-Bangladesh in type I IFN-deficient BHK-21 Syrian hamster fibroblasts but replicated 4 logs lower in type I IFN-competent primary Syrian hamster and human pulmonary endothelial cells, a principal target of henipaviruses. The coinfection of these cells with CedPV and NiV failed to rescue CedPV titers and did not diminish NiV titers, suggesting the replication machinery is virus-specific. Type I IFN response transcripts Ifna7, Ddx58, Stat1, Stat2, Ccl5, Cxcl10, Isg20, Irf7, and Iigp1 were all significantly elevated in CedPV-infected hamster endothelial cells, whereas Ifna7 and Iigp1 expression were significantly repressed during NiV infection. These results are consistent with the hypothesis that CedPV’s inability to counter the host type I IFN response may, in part, contribute to its lack of pathogenicity. Because NiV causes a fatal disease in Syrian hamsters with similarities to human disease, this model will provide valuable information about the pathogenic mechanisms of henipaviruses. View Full-TextKeywords:
Cedar virus; henipavirus; paramyxovirus; bat virus; Syrian hamster; antiviral response
▼
Figures
Figure 1
This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited (CC BY 4.0).
Share & Cite This Article
MDPI and ACS Style
Schountz, T.; Campbell, C.; Wagner, K.; Rovnak, J.; Martellaro, C.; DeBuysscher, B.L.; Feldmann, H.; Prescott, J. Differential Innate Immune Responses Elicited by Nipah Virus and Cedar Virus Correlate with Disparate In Vivo Pathogenesis in Hamsters. Viruses 2019, 11, 291.
Note that from the first issue of 2016, MDPI journals use article numbers instead of page numbers. See further details here.