Immunization of Domestic Ducks with Live Nonpathogenic H5N3 Influenza Virus Prevents Shedding and Transmission of Highly Pathogenic H5N1 Virus to Chickens
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Viruses
2.2. Animals
2.3. Ethics Statement
2.4. Oral Administration of the Viruses to Ducks and Chickens
2.5. Challenge with HPAIV ch/Ku Virus
2.6. Virus Transmission from Ducks to Chickens
2.7. Detection of Influenza Viruses in Feces and Internal Organs of the Birds
2.8. Identification of Influenza Virus by PCR
2.9. Assessment of Antibody Titers
3. Results
3.1. Pathogenicity and Fecal Excretion of ch/Ku and dk/4182 after Oral Administration
3.2. Immunogenicity and Protectivity of dk/4182 after Oral Administraion to Ducks and Chickens
3.3. Duration of Antibody Response in Ducks Following Immunisation and Challenge
3.4. Transmission of dk/4182 and ch/Ku Viruses from Ducks to Chickens
3.5. Prevention of ch/Ku Transmission from Ducks to Chickens by Immunization of Ducks with the dk/4182 Virus
4. Discussion
Supplementary Materials
Acknowledgments
Author Contributions
Conflicts of Interest
References
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№ | Species | Primary Virus Administration | Challenge with 105 TCID50 a ch/Ku | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Age, Days | Virus | TCID50 | Survival b | Excretion c | DPI d | Survival b | Excretion c | ||
1 | Ducks | 7 | ch/Ku | 105 | 2/6 | 19/34 | |||
2 | Ducks | 40 | ch/Ku | 105 | 5/5 | 13/29 | |||
3 | Ducks | 7 | dk/4182 | 106 | 6/6 | 16/31 | 16 | 6/6 | 0/18 |
4 | Ducks | 40 | dk/4182 | 104 | 8/8 | 15/20 | 90 | 8/8 | 0/17 |
5 | Ducks | 40 | dk/4182 | 105 | 10/10 | 17/22 | 90 | 10/10 | 0/23 |
6 | Ducks | 40 | dk/4182 | 106 | 7/7 | 15/18 | 90 | 7/7 | 0/19 |
7 | Chickens | 7 | ch/Ku | 105 | 0/5 | 7/20 | |||
8 | Chickens | 50 | ch/Ku | 105 | 0/5 | 13/25 | |||
9 | Chickens | 1 | dk/4182 | 106 | 6/6 | 4/10 | |||
10 | Chickens | 7 | dk/4182 | 106 | 10/10 | 8/18 | |||
11 | Chickens | 30 | dk/4182 | 106 | 80/80 | 22/67 | 20 | 25/25 | 0/47 |
12 | Chickens | 27 | dk/4182 | 106 | 30/30 | 19/42 | 85 | 17/19 | 0/32 |
№ | Species (Number) | Age, Days | Virus | Dose a | ELISA b | HAI c |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | Ducks (8) | 40 | dk/4182 | 104 | 249 | 26 |
2 | Ducks (5) | 40 | dk/4182 | 105 | 228 | 28 |
3 | Ducks (7) | 40 | dk/4182 | 106 | 255 | 17 |
4 | Chickens (5) | 30 | dk/4182 | 105 | 193 | 11 |
5 | Chickens (10) | 30 | dk/4182 | 106 | 463 | 37 |
Number of Ducks | Primary Infection of Ducks | Challenge a | Infection Rate in Contact Chickens | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Age, Days | Virus | TCID50 | DPI b | Survival c | Excretion d | ELISA e | |
Transmission after primary administration | |||||||
6 f | 7 | dk/4182 | 106 | 5/5 | 0/25 | <10 | |
6 | 7 | ch/Ku | 105 | 0/5 | 12/23 | N/A | |
5 | 40 | ch/Ku | 105 | 0/5 | 5/9 | N/A | |
Transmission after challenge with ch/Ku | |||||||
6 f | 7 | dk/4182 | 106 | 16 | 7/7 | 0/27 | <10 |
5 | 40 | dk/4182 | 104 | 90 | 5/5 | 0/11 | <10 |
5 | 40 | dk/4182 | 105 | 90 | 5/5 | 0/9 | <10 |
4 | 40 | dk/4182 | 106 | 90 | 4/4 | 0/13 | <10 |
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Gambaryan, A.; Gordeychuk, I.; Boravleva, E.; Lomakina, N.; Kropotkina, E.; Lunitsin, A.; Klenk, H.-D.; Matrosovich, M. Immunization of Domestic Ducks with Live Nonpathogenic H5N3 Influenza Virus Prevents Shedding and Transmission of Highly Pathogenic H5N1 Virus to Chickens. Viruses 2018, 10, 164. https://doi.org/10.3390/v10040164
Gambaryan A, Gordeychuk I, Boravleva E, Lomakina N, Kropotkina E, Lunitsin A, Klenk H-D, Matrosovich M. Immunization of Domestic Ducks with Live Nonpathogenic H5N3 Influenza Virus Prevents Shedding and Transmission of Highly Pathogenic H5N1 Virus to Chickens. Viruses. 2018; 10(4):164. https://doi.org/10.3390/v10040164
Chicago/Turabian StyleGambaryan, Alexandra, Ilya Gordeychuk, Elizaveta Boravleva, Natalia Lomakina, Ekaterina Kropotkina, Andrey Lunitsin, Hans-Dieter Klenk, and Mikhail Matrosovich. 2018. "Immunization of Domestic Ducks with Live Nonpathogenic H5N3 Influenza Virus Prevents Shedding and Transmission of Highly Pathogenic H5N1 Virus to Chickens" Viruses 10, no. 4: 164. https://doi.org/10.3390/v10040164