Erratum published on 3 September 2018,
see
Forests 2018, 9(9), 543.
Over- and Underyielding in Time and Space in Experiments with Mixed Stands of Scots Pine and Norway Spruce
Lars Drössler 1, Eric Agestam 2, Kamil Bielak 3, Małgorzata Dudzinska 4, Julia Koricheva 5, Mateusz Liziniewicz 6, Magnus Löf 2, Bill Mason 7, Hans Pretzsch 8,*
, Sauli Valkonen 9 and Klaas Wellhausen 8
, Sauli Valkonen 9 and Klaas Wellhausen 8
1
Institute of Ecology, Ilia State University, Cholokhashvili ave. 3/5, 0162 Tbilisi, Georgia
2
Southern Swedish Forest Research Centre, SLU, Rörsjövägen 1, SE-23053 Alnarp, Sweden
3
Department of Silviculture, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Nowoursynowska 159, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland
4
Forest Research Institute, Braci Leśnej 3, Sękocin Stary, 05-090 Raszyn, Poland
5
School of Biological Sciences, Royal Holloway University of London, Egham, Surrey TW20 0EX, UK
6
Skogforsk, Ekebo 2250, 268 90 Svalöv, Sweden
7
Forest Research, Northern Research Station, Roslin, Midlothian, Scotland EH25 9SY, UK
8
Chair for Forest Growth and Yield Science, Technische Universität München, Hans-Carl-von-Carlowitz-Platz 2, Freising, D-85354 Bavaria, Germany
9
Natural Resources Institute Finland, P.O. Box 2, FI-00791 Helsinki, Finland
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Forests 2018, 9(8), 495; https://doi.org/10.3390/f9080495
Received: 7 May 2018 / Revised: 24 July 2018 / Accepted: 31 July 2018 / Published: 13 August 2018
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Competition and Facilitation in Mixed Species Forests)
Abstract
Pine-spruce forests are one of the commonest mixed forest types in Europe and both tree species are very important for wood supply. This study summarized nine European studies with Scots pine and Norway spruce where a mixed-species stand and both monocultures were located in an experimental set-up. Overyielding (where growth of a mixed stand was greater than the average of both monocultures) was relatively common and often ranged between 0% and 30%, but could also be negative at individual study sites. Each individual site demonstrated consistent patterns of the mixing effect over different measurement periods. Transgressive overyielding (where the mixed-species stand was more productive than either of the monocultures) was found at three study sites, while a monoculture was more productive on the other sites. Large variation between study sites indicated that the existing experiments do not fully represent the extensive region where this mixed pine-spruce forest can occur. Pooled increment data displayed a negative influence of latitude and stand age on the mixing effect of those tree species in forests younger than 70 years. View Full-TextKeywords:
biodiversity-productivity relationships; tree species mixture; stand growth; mixing effect; Pinus sylvestris L.; Picea abies (L.) Karst
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Drössler, L.; Agestam, E.; Bielak, K.; Dudzinska, M.; Koricheva, J.; Liziniewicz, M.; Löf, M.; Mason, B.; Pretzsch, H.; Valkonen, S.; Wellhausen, K. Over- and Underyielding in Time and Space in Experiments with Mixed Stands of Scots Pine and Norway Spruce. Forests 2018, 9, 495.
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