Growth and Nutrient Status of Foliage as Affected by Tree Species and Fertilization in a Fire-Disturbed Urban Forest
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Experimental Section
2.1. Site
2.2. Methods
Tree Species | Location | Elevation (m) | Stand Density (trees·ha−1) | DBH † (mm) | Height (m) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Liriodendron tulipifera | 35°32′34.92″ N 129°26′22.92″ E | 154 | 1666 (160) | 28.6 (2.8) | 2.87 (0.14) |
Prunus yedoensis | 35°32′26.48″ N 129°26′16.22″ E | 121 | 1267 (160) | 49.4 (2.3) | 4.10 (0.13) |
Quercus acutissima | 35°32′26.77″ N 125°26′15.15″ E | 118 | 1533 (66) | 26.4 (1.1) | 2.22 (0.10) |
Pinus thunbergii | 35°32′16.36″ N 125°26′17.56″ E | 98 | 1600 (206) | 27.3 (3.7) | 2.31 (0.11) |
Tree Species | B.D. † g·cm−3 | Sand | Silt | Clay | C | N | P mg·kg−1 | K+ | Ca2+ | Mg2+ |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
% | cmolc·kg−1 | |||||||||
Liriodendron tulipifera | 0.90 (0.01) | 49 (4.7) | 40 (4.0) | 10 (0.7) | 3.1 (0.50) | 0.15 (0.02) | 6.0 (2.0) | 0.16 (0.02) | 1.60 (0.28) | 0.50 (0.09) |
Prunus yedoensis | 0.89 (0.01) | 47 (1.3) | 43 (0.7) | 10 (1.2) | 3.6 (0.70) | 0.17 (0.02) | 1.2 (0.5) | 0.29 (0.11) | 1.54 (0.39) | 0.56 (0.13) |
Quercus acutissima | 0.88 (0.02) | 43 (1.8) | 47 (2.9) | 10 (1.2) | 1.9 (0.04) | 0.08 (0.01) | 9.9 (0.7) | 0.09 (0.01) | 0.43 (0.06) | 0.19 (0.02) |
Pinus thunbergii | 0.91 (0.01) | 63 (8.7) | 28 (8.1) | 9 (0.7) | 1.9 (0.01) | 0.07 (0.01) | 6.5 (2.6) | 0.08 (0.02) | 0.38 (0.11) | 0.16 (0.03) |
2.3. Statistical Analysis
3. Results and Discussion
3.1. Results
3.1.1. Growth Response
Component | Leaf Area | Specific Leaf Area | Dry Weight | Nutrient Concentration | C/N Ratio | Nutrient Content | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
C | N | P | K | C | N | P | K | |||||
Species (S) | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 |
Fertilizer (F) | <0.001 | 0.049 | 0.002 | 0.444 | <0.001 | <0.001 | 0.666 | <0.001 | 0.003 | <0.001 | <0.001 | 0.158 |
Month (M) | 0.003 | 0.309 | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | 0.066 | <0.001 | <0.001 |
S × F | 0.002 | 0.545 | 0.018 | 0.231 | 0.032 | 0.264 | 0.986 | 0.037 | 0.030 | 0.007 | 0.003 | 0.707 |
S × M | 0.234 | 0.012 | 0.269 | <0.001 | 0.016 | 0.770 | 0.126 | 0.424 | 0.187 | 0.278 | 0.002 | <0.001 |
F × M | 0.861 | 0.981 | 0.903 | 0.419 | 0.614 | 0.275 | 0.699 | 0.834 | 0.917 | 0.945 | 0.807 | 0.994 |
S × F × M | 0.999 | 0.685 | 0.625 | 0.830 | 0.978 | 0.999 | 0.867 | 0.940 | 0.607 | 0.950 | 0.659 | 0.963 |
3.1.2. Nutrient Responses
3.2. Discussion
3.2.1. Growth Responses
3.2.2. Nutrient Responses
4. Conclusions
Acknowledgments
Author Contributions
Conflicts of Interest
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Kim, C.; Jeong, J.; Park, J.-H.; Ma, H.-S. Growth and Nutrient Status of Foliage as Affected by Tree Species and Fertilization in a Fire-Disturbed Urban Forest. Forests 2015, 6, 2199-2213. https://doi.org/10.3390/f6062199
Kim C, Jeong J, Park J-H, Ma H-S. Growth and Nutrient Status of Foliage as Affected by Tree Species and Fertilization in a Fire-Disturbed Urban Forest. Forests. 2015; 6(6):2199-2213. https://doi.org/10.3390/f6062199
Chicago/Turabian StyleKim, Choonsig, Jaeyeob Jeong, Jae-Hyun Park, and Ho-Seop Ma. 2015. "Growth and Nutrient Status of Foliage as Affected by Tree Species and Fertilization in a Fire-Disturbed Urban Forest" Forests 6, no. 6: 2199-2213. https://doi.org/10.3390/f6062199