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Article

Rubus magurensis (Rosaceae): A New Bramble Species from the Northern Carpathians (Poland)

by
Mateusz Wolanin
1,*,
Krystyna Musiał
2 and
Marcin Nobis
3
1
Faculty of Biology and Nature Protection, Rzeszów University, Zelwerowicza 4, 35-601 Rzeszów, Poland
2
Department of Plant Cytology and Embryology, Institute of Botany, Faculty of Biology, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 9, 30-387 Kraków, Poland
3
Department of Taxonomy, Phytogeography and Paleobotany, Institute of Botany, Faculty of Biology, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 3, 30-387 Kraków, Poland
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Forests 2025, 16(8), 1286; https://doi.org/10.3390/f16081286
Submission received: 13 June 2025 / Revised: 30 July 2025 / Accepted: 4 August 2025 / Published: 6 August 2025
(This article belongs to the Section Forest Ecology and Management)
Browse Figures
Versions Notes

Abstract

Rubus magurensis Wolanin, M. Nobis & Oklej. (Rosaceae), a new species from the Northern Carpathians, described and illustrated here, is a tetraploid (2n = 28) belonging to the subgenus Rubus series Micantes. Among the most characteristic features of this species are first-year stems that are almost glabrous, leaflets most often arched downward, and inflorescences leafy to the apex with a few simple oval leaves in the upper part, which make this species easy to recognise. This species resembles R. tabanimontanus Figert, from which it differs in having smaller primocane prickles, digitate to subpedate leaves, larger flowers, and inflorescences leafy to the apex. Rubus magurensis is currently known from 11 populations located in southeastern Poland (7 ATPOL 2 × 2 km units). Most of them were found in the central part of the Low Beskid Mts., with two populations located in the northwestern part of the Strzyżów Foothills.

1. Introduction

Due to their ability to rapidly colonise canopy gaps and high expansiveness, blackberries (Rubus L.) are an important component of forest undergrowth and play a significant role in vegetation succession, particularly in disturbed or light-penetrated habitats [1]. Their presence affects the near-ground microclimate by reducing evaporation and soil erosion, as well as modifying light availability for other plant species. Moreover, the dense ground cover formed by blackberries can serve as a biological filter, shaping floristic composition and affecting interspecific competition [2]. Members of the genus Rubus also include economically significant species such as raspberries (Rubus subgen. Idaeobatus) and blackberries (Rubus subgen. Rubus), as well as numerous lesser-known taxa that are often restricted to specific geographic regions, which are widely cultivated or gathered from the wild for their edible fruits, rich in vitamins, antioxidants, and other bioactive compounds with significant nutritional and medicinal value [3,4,5].
Members of the genus Rubus, due to extensive morphological diversity, polyploidy, facultative apomixis, and their frequent hybridisation cases, are among the most taxonomically challenging groups of vascular plants [6,7]. Taxonomic studies of the genus Rubus are further complicated by the occurrence of cryptic species, the existence of microspecies in apomictic complexes, and ongoing processes of speciation, not to mention the existence of a number of temporally local biotypes of no or little taxonomic significance [7,8,9,10]. It is estimated that the genus Rubus comprises over 750 species in Europe [7], and among the numerous infrageneric groups, Rubus subgen. Rubus ser. Micantes Sudre represents a particularly complex group, with several species that have been recently revised throughout Central Europe [11,12,13,14]. Our recent field investigations and herbarium revision have resulted in the identification of a previously unrecognised species within Rubus ser. Micantes in southern Poland. Morphological assessments reveal a unique combination of diagnostic traits that distinguish it from other closely related taxa. Thus, the aim of this study is to provide a comprehensive taxonomic description of this newly discovered species, accompanied by an analysis of its morphological characteristics, distribution, karyological analysis and ecological preferences. Additionally, a comparative assessment with closely related taxa is conducted to clarify its morphological distinctiveness. An updated identification key for Rubus ser. Micantes in Poland is also presented to facilitate future research and conservation. The study also contributes to a more complete understanding of the floristic diversity of Poland, underscoring the importance of continued taxonomic research on Rubus, especially since the publication of Zieliński’s monumental revision of this genus in Poland [15], several new species [16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23] and new records [24,25,26,27,28,29,30] of brambles have been published. Currently, a total of 110 species of blackberries have been found in Poland.

2. Materials and Methods

Morphological studies were carried out using both herbarium specimens and living plants in the field. Most of the localities of this putative new species were recorded with geographical coordinates. The species’ distribution was then mapped by using an ATPOL grid of squares cartogram used in the Distribution atlas of vascular plants in Poland [31]. In a list of specimens examined (paratypes), specimens collected were given in an ATPOL grid of squares: those given in bold refer to a square grid 2 × 2 km, whereas those given in square parentheses refer to a 1 × 1 km square grid. Morphological studies were carried out using both herbarium specimens and living plants in the field. Herbarium specimens are deposited in the Herbarium of the Institute of Botany, Jagiellonian University (KRA), and in the Herbarium of the Faculty of Biology and Nature Protection, Rzeszów University (UR). For cytological studies, propagules were collected from natural populations, transplanted to a greenhouse, and kept in pots. Karyological analysis was performed according to the protocols described by Wolanin et al. [21,22] with some modifications. After excision from potted specimens, roots were pre-treated with a saturated aqueous solution of 1-Bromonaphthalene overnight at 4 °C and fixed in a mixture of absolute ethanol and glacial acetic acid (3:1, v/v) for 24 h. The fixed material was stained in 2% acetic orcein for 4–6 days at room temperature. The stained roots were placed in 45% acetic acid and heated to boiling. For slide preparation, root meristems were cut off and squashed between a glass slide and coverslip in a drop of 45% acetic acid. The coverslip was removed after freezing in liquid nitrogen, and the slide was thoroughly air-dried and mounted in Entellan. The somatic number of chromosomes was established by analysing over 22 well-spread metaphase plates that were documented with a Nikon (Tokyo, Japan) Eclipse E400 light microscope equipped with a CCD camera and NIS-Elements Viewer imaging software ver. 4.00.
Plant names listed in the chapter Habitat was adapted from POWO [32].

3. Results

3.1. Taxonomy

Rubus magurensis Wolanin, M. Nobis & Oklej., sp. nov. (Figure 1, Figure 2 and Figure 3).
TYPE: POLAND. Województwo podkarpackie, 1 km na N od Świątkowej Wielkiej, N 49°32′15.5″, E 21°26′08.0″, przy leśnej drodze, [Podkarpackie voivodship, 1 km N of Świątkowa Wielka, N 49°32′15.5″, E 21°26′08.0″, near a forested road], 22 June 2015, M. Wolanin, K. Oklejewicz s.n. (holotype: inflorescence KRA00640849a and primocane leaves KRA00640849b; isotypes: inflorescence KRA00640851a and primocane leaves KRA00640851b; inflorescence KRA00640847a and primocane leaves KRA00640847b; UR).
DESCRIPTION: Stems: low-arching (up to 1 m tall), angled, usually with slightly furrowed sides, violet-red on the side exposed to the sun, glabrous or occasionally with simple hairs, with quite numerous subsessile glands and sparse stalked glands and gland-tipped acicles. Prickles: numerous, up to 6–12 per 5 cm, equal, on angles, usually crowded, declining, curved to straight, laterally compressed, (2.5–)3.5–5.5(–6.5) mm long. Leaves: moderately large, digitate or subpedate, (3–)5-foliolate, usually with few scattered adpressed hairs above, softly hairy beneath, with stellate hairs and with subsessile glands and shimmering simple hairs on the veins. Leaflets: partly imbricate, rather thick, most often arched downward (as a result, the terminal one is mostly folded/asymmetric in herbarium specimens), terminal ones with short petiolules (petiolule 21–28% as long as leaflet lamina), elliptical to broadly ovate, cordate at the base, with a suddenly acuminate apex (8–)10–15 long, periodically serrate; teeth apiculate, principal ones prominent, straight or slightly recurved. Basal leaflets with petiolules (1–)2–3(–4) mm long. Petioles: usually longer than the basal leaflets, faintly channelled, with scattered simple hairs, subsessile glands, stalked glands and gland-tipped acicles and with curved, declining prickles up to (1.5–)2.5–4.5 mm long. Stipules filiform. Inflorescence: paniculate, narrowly conical, leafy to the apex, with 3-foliolate leaves below and a 3–5(–8) ovate to lanceolate leaves in the upper part. Inflorescence axis with scattered simple and tufted hairs, subsessile glands, stalked glands, gland-tipped acicles and prickles slightly curved to straight, declining, (2.5–)3–4.5 mm long. Pedicels: (0.3–)0.6–1.7(–2.5) cm long, densely hairy, with tufted and stellate hairs, with numerous subsessile and stalked glands, and with prickles straight or slightly curved, 0.8–3 mm long. Sepals: long, pointed, hairy, and glandular-like pedicels, usually with few short pricklets at the base and a pubescent border, reflexed after anthesis. Petals: white, elliptical, 12–16 mm long and 7–9.5 mm wide. Stamens: slightly exceeding yellowish-green styles. Anthers: glabrous, yellowish-white, filaments white. Carpels and receptacle: hairy. Fruits: black, shining, 15–21 mm long and 13–18 mm wide; flowering: June–July; fruiting: August–September.
ETYMOLOGY: The name ‘magurensis’ originates from the Magura mountain range, the place where this species occurs most frequently.
KARYOLOGY: Karyological analysis showed a tetraploid chromosome number, 2n = 4x = 28 (Figure 4).
SPECIMENS EXAMINED (PARATYPES): FF7002–[FF7005] Braciejowa, N 49°59′10.5″, E 21°26′50.7″, skraj zarośli–B. pendula, A. glutinosa, A. pseudoplatanus, 319 m n.p.m., eksp. ES, 23 July 2021, M. Wolanin s.n. (part A—inflorescence KRA00640855 and part B—leaves KRA00640856; herb. UR); FF7012–Braciejowa, Pogórze Strzyżowskie, S stok, stroma miedza śródpolna, 28 August 2008, K. Oklejewicz s.n. (KRA 0387314, 0387315, 0387316, 0387317); FG1043–Jaworze, W część, 25 July 1996, K. Oklejewicz s.n. (KRA 0387314, 0387315, 0387316, 0387317); [FG1087] ok. 1 km na W od Jaworza, N 49°33′37.6″, E 21°27′08.5″, leśne przydroże, 450 m n.p.m., 22 June 2015, M. Wolanin, K. Oklejewicz s.n. (part A—inflorescence KRA00640857 and part B—leaves KRA00640858; herb. UR); [FG1087] ok. 1 km na W od Jaworza, N 49°33′41.5″, E 21°27′24.3″, zarośla na skraju lasu, 24 July 2021, M. Wolanin s.n. (herb. UR); [FG1087] m. Jaworzem a Górą Ostrysz, N 49°33′28.4″, E 21°26′52.8″, pobocze leśnej drogi, 477 m n.p.m., 22 June 2015, M. Wolanin, K. Oklejewicz s.n. (part A—inflorescence KRA00640853 and part B—leaves KRA00640854; herb. UR); [FG1097] 100 m na S od drogi z Jaworza w kierunku Góry Ostrysz, N 49°33′35.6″, E 21°27′18.3″, skraj lasu, 445 m n.p.m., eksp. N, 25 August 2015, M. Wolanin, K. Oklejewicz s.n. (herb. UR); [FG1097] Góra 615, S część (na SW od Jaworza), Beskid Niski (Magurski Park Narodowy), przy szosie w lesie jodłowo-bukowym, 3 September 1998, K. Oklejewicz s.n. (herb. UR); [FG1097] Góra Ostrysz, NE zbocze, N 49°33′22.4″, E 21°26′55.6″, leśne przydroże, 507 m n.p.m., eksp. N., 25 August 2015, M. Wolanin, K. Oklejewicz s.n. (herb. UR); FG1044–Jaworze, W część, brzeg lasu, 25 August 2016, K. Oklejewicz s.n. (herb. UR); [FG1098] na S od Jaworza, las sosnowy, 30 June 1998, K. Oklejewicz s.n. (herb. UR); [FG1098] Jaworze, 200 m na S od Gospodarstwa Agroturystycznego “Jawor”, N 49°33′34.2″, E 21°27′36.0″, skraj zarośli śródpolnych, 438 m n.p.m., eksp. N, 25 August 2015, M. Wolanin, K. Oklejewicz s.n. (herb. UR); FG2003–[FG2006] Góra Kolanin, SW część, przy drodze w lesie, 600 m n.p.m., 25 July 1997, K. Oklejewicz s.n. (herb. UR); [FG2006] Góra Ostrysz, SW stok, N 49°32′48.2″, E 21°26′04.4″, przydroże w lesie, 22 June 2015, M. Wolanin, K. Oklejewicz s.n. (herb. UR); [FG2006] Góra Ostryś, E część, przy drodze w lesie jodłowo-bukowym, 21 August 1996, K. Oklejewicz s.n. (herb. UR); Góra Kolanin, W część, przy leśnej szosie w lesie sosnowo-jodłowym, 21 August 1996, K. Oklejewicz s.n. (herb. UR); [FG2016] Góra Kolanin, SW Stok, przy leśnej drodze, 520 m n.p.m., 25 July 1997, K. Oklejewicz s.n. (KRA 0437300, 0437301); [FG2016] 1 km na N od Świątkowej Wielkiej, N 49°32′16.1″, E 21°26′08.5″, przydroże w lesie, 22 June 2015, K. Oklejewicz, M. Wolanin s.n. (herb. UR); FG2004–[FG2018] na N od wsi Kotań, Beskid Niski (Magurski Park Narodowy), przy szosie na brzegu lasu jodłowo-bukowego, 7 October 1998, K. Oklejewicz s.n. (herb. UR); FG2132–[FG2165] Góra Suchania SE część, Beskid Niski (Magurski Park Narodowy), zarośla olszynowe, 22 October 1998. K. Oklejewicz s.n. (herb. UR).

3.2. Habitat

Rubus magurensis grows primarily within mesophilous forests of Cardamino glandulose-Fagetum sylvaticae with a share of Abies alba Mill. in the tree layer, especially on its edges or on forest roadsides. It can be common in forest gaps as well as in disturbed forests with a mixed set of tree species. For instance, in Jaworze near Nowy Żmigród, R. magurensis was noted at the margin of larch-poplar forest (Figure 3E) together with the following species: Acer platanoides L., A. pseudoplatanus L., Agrimonia eupatoria L., Angelica sylvestris L., Brachypodium sylvaticum (Huds.) P. Beauv., Cardamine impatiens L., Carpinus betulus L., Chaeophyllum aromaticum L., Circaea lutetiana L., Cornus sanguinea L., Corylus avellana L., Crataegus × macrocarpa Hegetschw., Crepis biennis L., Dactylis glomerata L., Elymus repens (L.) Gould, Equisetum telmateia Ehrh., Eupatorium cannabinum L., Festuca pratensis Huds., Humulus lupulus L., Lathyrus pratensis L., Lysimachia vulgaris L., Medicago falcata L., Melampyrum nemorosum L., Melilotus officinalis (L.) Lam., Mentha longifolia (L.) L., Origanum vulgare L., Poa pratensis L., Populus tremula L., Prunus spinosa L., Rosa canina L., Rubus gracilis J. Presl & C. Presl, R. hirtus Waldst. & Kit. agg., R. idaeus L., R. plicatus Weihe & Nees, Salix cinerea L., S. purpurea L., Salvia glutinosa L., Stachys sylvatica L., Trifolium medium L., Urtica dioica L., and Vicia cracca L..

3.3. Distribution

Currently, 11 populations of Rubus magurensis are known in southeastern Poland (7 ATPOL 2 × 2 km unit of squares; Figure 5). Most of them were found in the central part of the Low Beskid Mts., with two populations located in the northwestern part of the Strzyżów Foothills. We consider this species as a submontane species in the flora of Poland (it occurs at the elevation from 320 to 600 m a.s.l.). The distance between the furthest populations is about 55 km. We suppose that this species can also be found in further localities in the Carpathians, both in Poland and Slovakia. In reference to IUCN threat categories [33], this species should be classified as Least Concern (LC) in Poland.

4. Discussion

Having low-arching stems with uniform prickles mixed with few stalked glands, few gland-tipped acicles, and inflorescences with scattered stalked glands, Rubus magurensis fits well within the subgen. Rubus ser. Micantes Sudre is also represented in Poland by R. micans Godr. in Grenier & Godron, R. silesiacus Weihe, R. tabanimontanus Figert, R. glivicensis (Sprib. ex Sudre) Sprib., R. chaerophyllus Sagorski & W. Schultze, R. chaerophylloides Sprib., R. acanthodes (H. Hofmann ex Focke) Barber, and R. clusii Borbás [15,28]. The most characteristic features of R. magurensis are almost glabrous primocanes, leaflets most often arched downward, and inflorescences leafy to the apex with a few simple oval leaves in the upper part, which makes this species easy to recognize. In view of its glabrous primocanes (occasionally with simple hairs), declined prickles on stem angles, and sepals reflexed after anthesis, R. magurensis resembles R. tabanimontanus but differs in having digitate or subpedate primocane leaves, smaller primocane prickles, inflorescences leafy to the apex, longer petals, and hairy receptacles. The differences between R. magurensis and the similar taxa are summarized in Table 1. An updated identification key to species representing Rubus ser. Micantes in Poland is given (See Appendix A).
In the Rubus genus, the ploidy level is a complement to morphological features and an important diagnostic character, commonly used in taxonomic studies, but also a useful source of information for biosystematics. So far, the number of chromosomes has been established for almost 300 European bramble species [10,23,34]. The most common ploidy level in subgen. Rubus is tetraploid, which is the only ploidy level in representatives of ser. Micantes [10,34,35,36,37,38,39,40]. In this light, the tetraploid chromosome number of Rubus magurensis strengthens its proper placement within the ser. Micantes.
Table 1. Morphological differences between Rubus magurensis and the morphologically most similar species (characters of species compared with R. magurensis are given according to Holub [41] and Zieliński [15], supplemented).
Table 1. Morphological differences between Rubus magurensis and the morphologically most similar species (characters of species compared with R. magurensis are given according to Holub [41] and Zieliński [15], supplemented).
R. magurensisR. tabanimontanusR. chaerophyllusR. clusii
Indumentum of first-year stemstem glabrous or occasionally with simple hairs, with quite numerous subsessile glands and sparse stalked glands and gland-tipped aciclesstem glabrous or rarely with simple hairs, without or occasionally with few short-stalked glandsstem sparsely hairy, without or with few stalked glandsstem with
scattered, simple and tufted hairs, and with few to numerous
acicles (somewhat gland-tipped) and stalked glands
Number of prickles per 5 cm of stem length6–125–138–168–12
Length of prickles on first-year stems [mm](2.5–)3.5–5.5(–6.5) 5–7(–9) (3–)5–7(–9) 4–7
Length of terminal leaflet petiolule in relation to the lamina length (ratio)21–28% as long as leaflet lamina28–35% as long as leaflet lamina20–25% as long as leaflet lamina30–37% as long as leaflet lamina
Shape of inflorescencepaniculate, narrowly conical, leafy to the apexpaniculate, short, leafless abovepaniculate, short, irregular, flattened at the apexpaniculate, usually narrow, almost cylindrical, leafy
almost to the apex, with 3-foliolate leaves below
Indumentum of inflorescence axis inflorescence axis with scattered simple and tufted hairs, subsessile glands, stalked glands and gland-tipped aciclesinflorescence axis usually sparsely hairy with simple and stellate hairs, with few stalked glandsinflorescence axis usually sparsely hairy with patent simple and tufted hairs, usually with admixture of stellate hairs and gland-tipped aciclesinflorescence axis with numerous simple and
tufted hairs and numerous stalked glands, often with acicles (somewhat gland-tipped)
Petals white, elliptical, 12–16 mm longwhite, elliptical, 9–10 mm longwhite or pinkish, narrowly obovate, 7–8 mm longwhite, elliptical, 10–13 mm long
Stamen vs. style lengthstamens slightly exceeding stylesstamens longer than stylesstamens longer than stylesstamens slightly exceeding styles

Author Contributions

Conceptualization, M.W. and M.N.; methodology, M.W., K.M. and M.N.; software, M.W., K.M. and M.N.; formal analysis, M.W., K.M. and M.N.; investigation, M.W., K.M. and M.N.; resources, M.W. and M.N.; data curation, M.W. and M.N.; writing—original draft preparation, M.W., K.M. and M.N.; writing—review and editing, M.W. and M.N.; visualization, M.W., K.M. and M.N.; supervision, M.W. and M.N. All authors have read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript.

Funding

This research was supported by the Minister of Science of the Republic of Poland under the Programme “Regional initiative of excellence”, agreement no. RID/SP/0010/2024/1, as well as by the Institute of Botany, Jagiellonian University, Kraków (N18/DBS/000002).

Data Availability Statement

All data generated or analyzed during this study are included in this published article.

Acknowledgments

We would like to express our gratitude to Jerzy Zieliński for taxonomic discussion regarding Rubus magurensis. The fieldwork in the Magura National Park was carried out in accordance with the guidelines of permit no. ZO-833-6/15. We would like to thank the editor and anonymous reviewers for their valuable comments and corrections to the manuscript of this paper.

Conflicts of Interest

The authors declare no conflicts of interest.

Appendix A. An Identification Key to Species Representing Rubus Series Micantes in Poland

The representatives of the series Micantes are characterized by having the following combination of morphological characters: stems: low-arching to high-arching; prickles: almost uniform or somewhat variable, generally located on stem angles, mixed with needle-like acicles and stalked glands; leaves: green to grey-felted beneath; terminal leaflets: elliptic to obovate, apiculate; inflorescences: with scattered to numerous stalked glands.
1 Stem glabrous or occasionally with scattered simple or tufted hairs ……………2
– Stem sparsely hairy or pubescent……………5
2 Petals white……………3
– Petals pink……………4
3 Prickles on first-year stems (2.5–)3.5–5.5(–6.5) long, terminal leaflet petiolule 21–28% as long as leaflet lamina, stamens only slightly exceeding styles, petals 12–16 mm long…………………….…R. magurensis Wolanin, M. Nobis & Oklej.
– Prickles on first-year stems 5–7(–9) mm long, terminal leaflet petiolule 28–35% as long as leaflet lamina, stamens longer than styles, petals 9–10 mm long………………………R. tabanimontanus Figert
4 Prickles on first-year stems 4–10 per 5 cm stem length, 5–6(–8) mm long, inflorescence nearly conical, truncate at apex, petals elliptic, 12–15 mm long. ………………………R. micans Godr. in Grenier & Godron
– Prickles on first-year stems 8–15(–18) per 5 cm stem length, (5–)7–9 mm long, inflorescence paniculate, rather broad, obtuse at the apex, petals narrowly obovate, 10–12 mm long.……………R. glivicensis (Sprib. ex Sudre) Sprib.
5 Terminal leaflet petiolule 20–25% as long as leaflet lamina ……………6
– Terminal leaflet petiolule usually longer ……………7
6 Stem sparsely hairy; leaves (3–)5-foliolate; leaflets shallowly serrate; inflorescence paniculate, short, irregular, flattened at the apex ………………………………………R. chaerophyllus Sagorski & W. Schultze
– Stem usually fairly densely pubescent; leaves 3-foliolate or partly 4–5 foliolate; leaflets grossly serrate; inflorescence paniculate, narrowly conical, leafy almost to the apex ……………R. chaerophylloides Sprib.
7 Leaves 5-foliolate, pedate, partly 3–4-foliolate, terminal leaflet petiolule 25–35% as long as leaflet lamina, inflorescence paniculate, truncate at the apex, inflorescence axis densely patent-hairy, stamens visibly longer than styles ……………………………R. acanthodes (H. Hofmann ex Focke) Barber
– Another combination of features……………8
8 Leaves digitate or subpedate, 5-foliolate, terminal leaflet petiolule 25–35% as long as leaflet lamina, inflorescence paniculate, usually narrowly conical, leafless above, inflorescence axis covered with stellate hairs and long patent simple hairs, stamens slightly exceeding styles ……………R. silesiacus Weihe
– Leaves digitate or subpedate (3–)5-foliolate, terminal leaflet petiolule 30–37% as long as leaflet lamina, inflorescence paniculate, almost cylindrical, leafy to the apex, inflorescence axis with numerous simple and tufted patent hairs, stamens slightly exceeding styles …………R. clusii Borbás

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Figure 1. Holotype of Rubus magurensis Wolanin, M. Nobis & Oklej., part A—inflorescence (KRA00640849a).
Figure 1. Holotype of Rubus magurensis Wolanin, M. Nobis & Oklej., part A—inflorescence (KRA00640849a).
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Figure 2. Holotype of Rubus magurensis Wolanin, M. Nobis & Oklej., part B—primocane leaves (KRA00640849b).
Figure 2. Holotype of Rubus magurensis Wolanin, M. Nobis & Oklej., part B—primocane leaves (KRA00640849b).
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Figure 3. Rubus magurensis Wolanin, M. Nobis & Oklej. (A) part of primocane; (B) infructescence; (C) primocane stem; (D) upper part of inflorescence; (E) habitat of R. magurensis in Jaworze; photos by M. Wolanin.
Figure 3. Rubus magurensis Wolanin, M. Nobis & Oklej. (A) part of primocane; (B) infructescence; (C) primocane stem; (D) upper part of inflorescence; (E) habitat of R. magurensis in Jaworze; photos by M. Wolanin.
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Figure 4. Mitotic chromosomes of Rubus magurensis Wolanin, M. Nobis & Oklej., 2n = 28. Scale bar = 5 μm; photo by K. Musiał.
Figure 4. Mitotic chromosomes of Rubus magurensis Wolanin, M. Nobis & Oklej., 2n = 28. Scale bar = 5 μm; photo by K. Musiał.
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Figure 5. Distribution of Rubus magurensis Wolanin, M. Nobis & Oklej. in Poland (A—grid 10 × 10 km; B—grid 2 × 2 km).
Figure 5. Distribution of Rubus magurensis Wolanin, M. Nobis & Oklej. in Poland (A—grid 10 × 10 km; B—grid 2 × 2 km).
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Wolanin, M.; Musiał, K.; Nobis, M. Rubus magurensis (Rosaceae): A New Bramble Species from the Northern Carpathians (Poland). Forests 2025, 16, 1286. https://doi.org/10.3390/f16081286

AMA Style

Wolanin M, Musiał K, Nobis M. Rubus magurensis (Rosaceae): A New Bramble Species from the Northern Carpathians (Poland). Forests. 2025; 16(8):1286. https://doi.org/10.3390/f16081286

Chicago/Turabian Style

Wolanin, Mateusz, Krystyna Musiał, and Marcin Nobis. 2025. "Rubus magurensis (Rosaceae): A New Bramble Species from the Northern Carpathians (Poland)" Forests 16, no. 8: 1286. https://doi.org/10.3390/f16081286

APA Style

Wolanin, M., Musiał, K., & Nobis, M. (2025). Rubus magurensis (Rosaceae): A New Bramble Species from the Northern Carpathians (Poland). Forests, 16(8), 1286. https://doi.org/10.3390/f16081286

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