Forest Management of Pinus pinaster Ait. in Unbalanced Forest Structures Arising from Disturbances—A Framework Proposal of Decision Support Systems (DSS)
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Study Area Characteristics
2.2. Simulation Scenarios Using ModisPinaster
2.3. Proposed DSS Structure and Components
2.4. Optimization Model
3. Results
3.1. Remarks about the Model Parameters
3.2. Obtained Results with the Framework DSS
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
Appendix A. Complementary Results
Variable | FMO_FA | FMO_CA | FMO_RV | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Sc1 | Sc2 | Sc1 | Sc2 | Sc1 | Sc2 | |
n | 43 | 22 | 43 | 22 | 41 | 24 |
A (ha) | 283.73 | 155.14 | 287.07 | 151.8 | 275.81 | 163.06 |
vol-cc (m3) | 188,177.09 | 73,626.32 | 189,221.62 | 70,794.05 | 177,254.97 | 76,453.52 |
vol-th (m3) | 12,870.07 | 37,547.97 | 10,555.79 | 40,358.23 | 4002.40 | 43,508.24 |
Total vol. (m3) | 312,221.455 | 310,929.692 | 301,219.129 | |||
Final avg. age (yr) | 20.00 | 19.65 | 20.68 |
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Variable | Min | Mean | Max | sd |
---|---|---|---|---|
A (ha) | 1.56 | 6.78 | 10.00 | 1.98 |
t (yr) | 23 | 32.4 | 47 | 6.3 |
N (trees·ha−1) | 339 | 706.8 | 1933 | 372 |
G (m2·ha−1) | 24.9 | 37.3 | 58.5 | 8.0 |
dg (cm) | 17.8 | 27.8 | 39.6 | 6.6 |
ddom (cm) | 24.2 | 34.1 | 45.8 | 6.5 |
hdom (m) | 12.2 | 17.5 | 22.5 | 3.0 |
Model | Constraints Characterization | Equations |
---|---|---|
FMO |
| (1)–(10) |
FMO_FA |
| (1)–(14) |
FMO_CA |
| (1)–(13), (15)–(19) |
FMO_RV |
| (1)–(10), (20), (21), |
FMO_all |
| (1)–(21) |
Variable | FMO | FMO_all | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
Sc1 | Sc2 | Sc1 | Sc2 | |
n | 47 | 18 | 40 | 25 |
A (ha) | 311.17 | 127.7 | 274.59 | 164.28 |
vol-cc (m3) | 202,194.48 | 59,854.26 | 176,507.45 | 76,647.58 |
vol-th (m3) | 12,095.06 | 39,070.38 | 3362.04 | 44,200.70 |
Total vol. (m3) | 313,214.18 | 300,717.773 | ||
Final avg. age (yr) | 18.61 | 20.79 |
5-Years Period | Sc1 | Sc2 | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Cc | Th | Cc | Th | |||||
n | A (ha) | n | A (ha) | n | A (ha) | n | A (ha) | |
1 | 4 | 30.45 | 3 | 19.62 | 3 | 20.85 | ||
2 | 13 | 88.68 | 6 | 35.46 | 13 | 88.98 | ||
3 | 29 | 185.95 | 2 | 11.83 | ||||
4 | 1 | 6.09 | 11 | 77.93 | 4 | 28.45 | ||
5 | 6 | 40.28 | ||||||
6 | 4 | 30.45 | 1 | 9.49 | ||||
7 | 13 | 88.68 | ||||||
8 | 29 | 185.95 | ||||||
9 | 1 | 6.09 | ||||||
10 | 9 | 68.95 |
5-Years Period | Sc1 | Sc2 | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Cc | Th | Cc | Th | |||||
n | A (ha) | n | A (ha) | n | A (ha) | n | A (ha) | |
1 | 11 | 77.17 | 2 | 14.89 | 5 | 32.75 | ||
2 | 12 | 83.72 | 16 | 104.28 | ||||
3 | 14 | 92.75 | 8 | 45.17 | 2 | 11.83 | ||
4 | 3 | 20.95 | 8 | 53.63 | 5 | 35.02 | ||
5 | 8 | 55.99 | ||||||
6 | 11 | 77.17 | 1 | 9.49 | ||||
7 | 12 | 83.72 | ||||||
8 | 14 | 92.75 | ||||||
9 | 3 | 20.95 | 2 | 15.97 | ||||
10 | 10 | 60.17 |
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Costa, P.; Cerveira, A.; Kašpar, J.; Marušák, R.; Fonseca, T.F. Forest Management of Pinus pinaster Ait. in Unbalanced Forest Structures Arising from Disturbances—A Framework Proposal of Decision Support Systems (DSS). Forests 2021, 12, 1031. https://doi.org/10.3390/f12081031
Costa P, Cerveira A, Kašpar J, Marušák R, Fonseca TF. Forest Management of Pinus pinaster Ait. in Unbalanced Forest Structures Arising from Disturbances—A Framework Proposal of Decision Support Systems (DSS). Forests. 2021; 12(8):1031. https://doi.org/10.3390/f12081031
Chicago/Turabian StyleCosta, Paulo, Adelaide Cerveira, Jan Kašpar, Robert Marušák, and Teresa Fidalgo Fonseca. 2021. "Forest Management of Pinus pinaster Ait. in Unbalanced Forest Structures Arising from Disturbances—A Framework Proposal of Decision Support Systems (DSS)" Forests 12, no. 8: 1031. https://doi.org/10.3390/f12081031
APA StyleCosta, P., Cerveira, A., Kašpar, J., Marušák, R., & Fonseca, T. F. (2021). Forest Management of Pinus pinaster Ait. in Unbalanced Forest Structures Arising from Disturbances—A Framework Proposal of Decision Support Systems (DSS). Forests, 12(8), 1031. https://doi.org/10.3390/f12081031