The Effect of Seed Size on Germination and Seedling Growth in Sweet Chestnut (Castanea sativa Mill.)
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Experimental Material
2.2. Experimental Design and Nursery Production
2.3. Germination and Seedling Data Collection
2.4. Data Analyses
3. Results and Discussion
4. Conclusions and Practical Implications
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Population ID | Seed Mass (g) | Germination (%) | Root Collar D. (mm) | Seedling Height (cm) | Sturdiness Quotient | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
CV (%) | CV (%) | CV (%) | CV (%) | CV (%) | ||||||
BU | 6.0 ± 1.6 ab | 25.7 | 57 ± 16.6 ab | 29.4 | 5.2 ± 1.2 a | 23.5 | 24.0 ± 4.5 ab | 18.5 | 4.7 ± 0.8 abc | 16.9 |
CR | 10.5 ± 2.4 d | 22.6 | 67 ± 12.8 abc | 19.0 | 8.4 ± 1.1 bc | 12.8 | 32.3 ± 4.2 cd | 13.1 | 3.9 ± 0.3 abc | 8.1 |
PO | 7.8 ± 1.1 ac | 14.4 | 58 ± 12.9 abc | 22.2 | 9.5 ± 1.9 c | 19.9 | 38.8 ± 6.2 de | 15.9 | 4.2 ± 1.1 abc | 24.9 |
UC | 9.4 ± 2.8 cd | 30.2 | 69 ± 17.0 abc | 24.8 | 8.5 ± 1.9 bc | 22.3 | 40.5 ± 5.6 e | 13.8 | 4.9 ± 1.0 bc | 20.7 |
BI | 5.0 ± 1.5 b | 31.0 | 60 ± 15.3 abc | 25.3 | 7.3 ± 1.1 abc | 14.9 | 25.5 ± 4.4 abc | 17.4 | 3.5 ± 0.6 a | 15.8 |
KR | 7.0 ± 1.1 abc | 16.3 | 80 ± 12.1 c | 15.2 | 5.9 ± 1.5 a | 25.0 | 29.0 ± 4.0 bc | 13.8 | 5.1 ± 1.0 c | 19.6 |
ME | 6.7 ± 2.3 abc | 34.0 | 63 ± 17.6 abc | 27.9 | 6.6 ± 1.5 ab | 23.0 | 26.5 ± 5.0 abc | 18.9 | 4.1 ± 0.5 abc | 11.0 |
MG | 7.0 ± 2.2 abc | 30.8 | 62 ± 17.0 abc | 27.5 | 6.5 ± 1.4 ab | 21.7 | 26.5 ± 6.1 abc | 23.0 | 4.1 ± 0.5 abc | 12.1 |
PS | 7.0 ± 0.7 abc | 9.8 | 70 ± 12.0 abc | 17.1 | 7.0 ± 1.9 ab | 26.7 | 26.2 ± 4.8 abc | 18.3 | 4.0 ± 1.1 abc | 27.1 |
SG | 6.7 ± 1.4 ab | 21.2 | 77 ± 10.6 bc | 13.7 | 5.9 ± 2.0 a | 33.9 | 21.4 ± 3.7 a | 17.1 | 3.9 ± 1.2 abc | 29.6 |
ZG | 6.2 ± 1.4 ab | 21.9 | 53 ± 17.5 a | 32.9 | 6.4 ± 1.3 ab | 21.0 | 23.6 ± 2.1 ab | 9.1 | 3.8 ± 0.5 ab | 12.4 |
ZU | 7.8 ± 2.0 ac | 25.5 | 55 ± 13.9 a | 25.3 | 6.2 ± 2.0 ab | 33.0 | 23.6 ± 4.4 ab | 18.8 | 4.0 ± 0.9 abc | 21.6 |
Trait | PC—Principal Component | ||
---|---|---|---|
PC1 | PC2 | PC3 | |
Seed Mass | −0.587506 | −0.354325 | 0.183710 |
Gremination | −0.257149 | −0.259451 | −0.930168 |
Root Collar Diameter | −0.855226 | 0.481539 | 0.015402 |
Seedling Height | −0.869198 | −0.278959 | 0.154842 |
Sturdiness Quotient | 0.111337 | −0.947850 | 0.148190 |
Eigenvalue | 1.91 | 1.40 | 0.95 |
% of Variance | 38.21 | 28.02 | 18.90 |
Trait | SM | G | RCD | SH | SQ |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Seed Mass (SM) | ns | * | ** | ns | |
Gremination (G) | 0.097 | ns | ns | ns | |
Root Collar Diameter (RCD) | 0.295 | 0.075 | *** | *** | |
Seedling Height (SH) | 0.381 | 0.138 | 0.657 | * | |
Sturdiness Quotient (SQ) | 0.125 | 0.070 | −0.502 | 0.272 |
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Tumpa, K.; Vidaković, A.; Drvodelić, D.; Šango, M.; Idžojtić, M.; Perković, I.; Poljak, I. The Effect of Seed Size on Germination and Seedling Growth in Sweet Chestnut (Castanea sativa Mill.). Forests 2021, 12, 858. https://doi.org/10.3390/f12070858
Tumpa K, Vidaković A, Drvodelić D, Šango M, Idžojtić M, Perković I, Poljak I. The Effect of Seed Size on Germination and Seedling Growth in Sweet Chestnut (Castanea sativa Mill.). Forests. 2021; 12(7):858. https://doi.org/10.3390/f12070858
Chicago/Turabian StyleTumpa, Katarina, Antonio Vidaković, Damir Drvodelić, Mario Šango, Marilena Idžojtić, Ivan Perković, and Igor Poljak. 2021. "The Effect of Seed Size on Germination and Seedling Growth in Sweet Chestnut (Castanea sativa Mill.)" Forests 12, no. 7: 858. https://doi.org/10.3390/f12070858
APA StyleTumpa, K., Vidaković, A., Drvodelić, D., Šango, M., Idžojtić, M., Perković, I., & Poljak, I. (2021). The Effect of Seed Size on Germination and Seedling Growth in Sweet Chestnut (Castanea sativa Mill.). Forests, 12(7), 858. https://doi.org/10.3390/f12070858