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Forests
Volume 12
Issue 3
10.3390/f12030293
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Article

Drainage and Stand Growth Response in Peatland Forests—Description, Testing, and Application of Mechanistic Peatland Simulator SUSI

by
Ari Laurén
1,*,
Marjo Palviainen
2,
Samuli Launiainen
3,
Kersti Leppä
3,
Leena Stenberg
3,
Iñaki Urzainki
3,
Mika Nieminen
3,
Raija Laiho
3 and
Hannu Hökkä
3
1
School of Forest Sciences, Faculty of Science and Forestry, University of Eastern Finland, Joensuu Campus, P.O. Box 111, (Yliopistokatu 7), FI-80101 Joensuu, Finland
2
Department of Forest Sciences, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 27, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
3
Natural Resources Institute Finland (Luke), Latokartanonkaari 9, FI-00790 Helsinki, Finland
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Academic Editor: Matthew B. Russell
Forests 2021, 12(3), 293; https://doi.org/10.3390/f12030293
Received: 28 January 2021 / Revised: 23 February 2021 / Accepted: 25 February 2021 / Published: 3 March 2021
(This article belongs to the Section Forest Ecology and Management)
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Abstract

Drainage is an essential prerequisite in peatland forest management, which generally, but not always, increases stand growth. Growth response depends on weather conditions, stand and site characteristics, management and biogeochemical processes. We constructed a SUSI-simulator (SUoSImulaattori, in Finnish), which describes hydrology, stand growth and nutrient availability under different management, site types and weather conditions. In the model development and sensitivity analysis, we used water table (WT) and stand growth data from 11 Scots pine stands. The simulator was validated against a larger dataset collected from boreal drained peatlands in Finland. In validation, SUSI was shown to predict WT and stand growth well. Stand growth was mainly limited by inadequate potassium supply, and in Sphagnum peats by low oxygen availability. Model application was demonstrated for ditch network maintenance (DNM) by comparing stand growth with shallow (−0.3 m) and deep ditches (−0.9 m): The growth responses varied between 0.5 and 3.5 m3 ha−1 in five years, which is comparable to experimental results. SUSI can promote sustainable peatland management and help in avoiding unnecessary drainage operations and associated environmental effects, such as increased carbon emissions, peat subsidence, and nutrient leaching. The source code is publicly available, and the modular structure allows model extension to cost–benefit analyses and nutrient export to water courses. View Full-Text
Keywords: drainage; growth and yield; nutrients; peatland forestry drainage; growth and yield; nutrients; peatland forestry
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This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
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MDPI and ACS Style

Laurén, A.; Palviainen, M.; Launiainen, S.; Leppä, K.; Stenberg, L.; Urzainki, I.; Nieminen, M.; Laiho, R.; Hökkä, H. Drainage and Stand Growth Response in Peatland Forests—Description, Testing, and Application of Mechanistic Peatland Simulator SUSI. Forests 2021, 12, 293. https://doi.org/10.3390/f12030293

AMA Style

Laurén A, Palviainen M, Launiainen S, Leppä K, Stenberg L, Urzainki I, Nieminen M, Laiho R, Hökkä H. Drainage and Stand Growth Response in Peatland Forests—Description, Testing, and Application of Mechanistic Peatland Simulator SUSI. Forests. 2021; 12(3):293. https://doi.org/10.3390/f12030293

Chicago/Turabian Style

Laurén, Ari, Marjo Palviainen, Samuli Launiainen, Kersti Leppä, Leena Stenberg, Iñaki Urzainki, Mika Nieminen, Raija Laiho, and Hannu Hökkä. 2021. "Drainage and Stand Growth Response in Peatland Forests—Description, Testing, and Application of Mechanistic Peatland Simulator SUSI" Forests 12, no. 3: 293. https://doi.org/10.3390/f12030293

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