Streamflow Variability Indicated by False Rings in Bald Cypress (Taxodium distichum (L.) Rich.)
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Study Area
2.2. Tree Ring Data
2.3. Climate and Streamflow Data
2.4. Regression Equations: Using Ring Width and False Rings to Predict Summer Streamflow
2.5. False Ring Association with Summer Storms/Tropical Cyclones
3. Results
3.1. Ring Width Chronology
3.2. False Ring Chronology
3.3. Hydroclimatic Significance of False Rings
3.4. Estimating Streamflow with Ring Width and FR
3.5. False Rings and Tropical Cyclone Activity
4. Discussion
4.1. Use of False Rings for Streamflow Reconstructions
4.2. False Ring Association with Summer Storms/Tropical Cyclones
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
Appendix A
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EPS | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
TRW | 28 | 14.6 | 1.68 | 0.68 | 0.41 | 0.47 | 0.93 |
EW | 28 | 14.6 | 1.69 | 0.68 | 0.41 | 0.47 | 0.93 |
LW | 28 | 14.6 | 1.69 | 0.35 | 0.14 | 0.19 | 0.77 |
Year | FR% | Type | EW | LW | TRW | TC 50 NM | TC Rainfall Data |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1989 | 65 | M | 1.707 | 0.917 | 1.700 | TS “Allison” 6/24 | |
1994 | 48 | M | 1.420 | 1.046 | 1.407 | TS “Alberto” 7/03, TS “Beryl” 8/16 | TS “Alberto” 7/03, TS “Beryl” 8/16 |
1961 | 48 | L | 1.505 | 1.156 | 1.496 | H “Carla” 9/9–15 | |
1999 | 40 | M | 0.932 | 1.042 | 0.950 | No TC rainfall | |
2003 | 41 | L | 2.019 | 1.130 | 1.966 | TS “Bill” 6/27–7/03, TD “Seven” 7/25 | |
1971 | 36 | L | 1.464 | 1.227 | 1.455 | TD “2a” 7/5, TD “Eleven” 8/29, H “Fern” 9/1 | |
1965 | 32 | L | 1.128 | 1.11 | 1.139 | TS “Unnamed” 6/11 | TS “Unnamed” 6/11 |
1946 | 32 | L | 1.503 | 1.112 | 1.481 | No TC rainfall | |
1983 | 31 | L | 1.142 | 1.013 | 1.140 | No TC rainfall | |
1987 | 31 | M | 0.643 | 1.040 | 0.676 | TS “Unnamed” 8/09 | |
2013 | 31 | L | 0.723 | 0.864 | 0.736 | TS “Andrea” 6/05 | |
2005 | 30 | L | 1.425 | 1.293 | 1.399 | TS “Arlene” 6/10, H “Cindy” 7/03, H “Dennis” 7/08, H “Katrina” 8/24 | |
1958 | 29 | L | 0.898 | 1.013 | 0.918 | No TC rainfall | |
1975 | 23 | L | 1.295 | 1.123 | 1.300 | H “Eloise” 9/13 | TD “4” 7/27, H “Eloise” 9/13 |
1991 | 22 | L | 1.841 | 1.087 | 1.808 | No TC rainfall | |
2004 | 22 | M | 0.893 | 1.013 | 0.911 | H “Frances” 9/07 | H “Ivan” 9/26 |
1955 | 22 | M | 0.306 | 0.735 | 0.329 | TD “Brenda” 8/1 | |
1953 | 21 | L | 1.003 | 0.974 | 1.016 | TS “Alice” 6/07, H “Florence” 9/26 | TS “Alice” 6/07, H “Florence” 9/26 |
1964 | 20 | M | 1.084 | 0.959 | 1.085 | H “Dora” 9/11 | TS “Unnamed” 6/4, H “Dora” 9/11 |
1972 | 20 | L | 0.763 | 1.064 | 0.781 | H “Agnes” 6/20 | H “Agnes” 6/20 |
0.958 | 0.945 | 0.960 | |||||
0.408 | 0.203 | 0.396 |
Variance Explained, R2 | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
June Q | July Q | August Q | Total JJA Q | |
TRW | 61 | 30 | 19 | 43 |
TRW + FRb | 61 | 43 | 22 | 49 |
Improvement (%) | 0 | 43 | 16 | 14 |
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Therrell, M.D.; Elliott, E.A.; Meko, M.D.; Bregy, J.C.; Tucker, C.S.; Harley, G.L.; Maxwell, J.T.; Tootle, G.A. Streamflow Variability Indicated by False Rings in Bald Cypress (Taxodium distichum (L.) Rich.). Forests 2020, 11, 1100. https://doi.org/10.3390/f11101100
Therrell MD, Elliott EA, Meko MD, Bregy JC, Tucker CS, Harley GL, Maxwell JT, Tootle GA. Streamflow Variability Indicated by False Rings in Bald Cypress (Taxodium distichum (L.) Rich.). Forests. 2020; 11(10):1100. https://doi.org/10.3390/f11101100
Chicago/Turabian StyleTherrell, Matthew D., Emily A. Elliott, Matthew D. Meko, Joshua C. Bregy, Clay S. Tucker, Grant L. Harley, Justin T. Maxwell, and Glenn A. Tootle. 2020. "Streamflow Variability Indicated by False Rings in Bald Cypress (Taxodium distichum (L.) Rich.)" Forests 11, no. 10: 1100. https://doi.org/10.3390/f11101100
APA StyleTherrell, M. D., Elliott, E. A., Meko, M. D., Bregy, J. C., Tucker, C. S., Harley, G. L., Maxwell, J. T., & Tootle, G. A. (2020). Streamflow Variability Indicated by False Rings in Bald Cypress (Taxodium distichum (L.) Rich.). Forests, 11(10), 1100. https://doi.org/10.3390/f11101100