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Volume 19
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10.3390/ma19010034
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This is an early access version, the complete PDF, HTML, and XML versions will be available soon.
Article

Controlling the Functional Properties of K0.5Bi0.5TiO3 Ceramics Using E-Poling

by
Jan Suchanicz
1,*,
Marcin Wąs
2,*,
Bartosz Handke
3,
Piotr Jeleń
3,
Zofia Kucia
3,
Antoni Kania
4,
Dorota Sitko
5,
Kamila Kluczewska-Chmielarz
6,
Krzysztof Konieczny
6,
Jakub Gajda
6,
Aleksander Zawada
6,
Marcin Lapinski
7,
Barbara Swatowska
8,
Dagmara Brzezińska
9,
Jakub Fitas
1,
Tomasz Hebda
1 and
Grzegorz Stachowski
10
1
Department of Mechanical Engineering and Agrophysics, University of Agriculture in Krakow, Balicka 120, 31-120 Krakow, Poland
2
Department of Bioprocess Engineering, Power Engineering and Automation, University of Agriculture in Krakow, Balicka 120, 31-120 Krakow, Poland
3
Faculty of Materials Science and Ceramics, AGH-University of Science and Technology, al. Mickiewicza 30, 30-059 Kraków, Poland
4
A. Chelkowski Institute of Physics, University of Silesia in Katowice, 75 Pułku Piechoty, 41-500 Chorzów, Poland
5
Faculty of Exact & Natural Sciences, University of the National Education Commission, Podchorazych 2, 30-084 Krakow, Poland
6
Institute of Technical Sciences, University of the National Education Commission, Podchorazych 2, 30-084, Krakow, Poland
7
Institute of Nanotechnology and Materials Engineering, Advanced Materials Center, Gdansk University of Technology, 80-233 Gdańsk, Poland
8
Institute of Electronics, AGH-University of Science and Technology, al. Mickiewicza 30, 30-059 Krakow, Poland
9
Faculty of Science and Technology, Institute of Materials Engineering, University of Silesia in Katowice, 75 Pułku Piechoty 1a, 41-500 Chorzow, Poland
10
Astronomical Observatory, Jagiellonian University, Orla 171, 30-244 Krakow, Poland
*
Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Materials 2026, 19(1), 34; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma19010034 (registering DOI)
Submission received: 26 November 2025 / Revised: 12 December 2025 / Accepted: 19 December 2025 / Published: 21 December 2025
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Development and Characterization of Linear and Nonlinear Optical Crystals)
Versions Notes

Abstract

Lead-free K0.5Bi0.5TiO3 (KBT) ceramics were prepared using a finely tuned convectional solid-state reaction method. Their phase transitions in unpoled and poled states were examined. The temperature-dependent evolution of the reflections sensitive to structural changes and their 2Θ-positions indicated two temperature-driven phase transitions: tetragonal–tetragonal at about 200 °C, and tetragonal–cubic at around 400 °C. These structural transformations are further corroborated by studies examining Raman spectroscopy, dielectric properties, and mechanical properties. It was demonstrated that a prior E-field poling process significantly influences the polar state, causing an increase in the local degree of order, as well as the transformation of the cubic phase into the tetragonal one. This stabilizes and widens the temperature range of the ferroelectric phase. It was found that phase transformations in KBT are accompanied by a softening of the mechanical behavior similarly to improper ferroelastic transformations. The results demonstrate that KBT possesses favorable structural, dielectric, and mechanical characteristics, making it a potential candidate for electronic applications. The present study provides a clear understanding of the multi-scale structural behavior in multi-phase KBT, bridging micro-heterogeneity behaviors and macro-properties, and demonstrates an effective method of tuning the properties of KBTs by E-poling with a low electric field.
Keywords: lead-free; ceramics; E-poling; KBT lead-free; ceramics; E-poling; KBT

Share and Cite

MDPI and ACS Style

Suchanicz, J.; Wąs, M.; Handke, B.; Jeleń, P.; Kucia, Z.; Kania, A.; Sitko, D.; Kluczewska-Chmielarz, K.; Konieczny, K.; Gajda, J.; et al. Controlling the Functional Properties of K0.5Bi0.5TiO3 Ceramics Using E-Poling. Materials 2026, 19, 34. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma19010034

AMA Style

Suchanicz J, Wąs M, Handke B, Jeleń P, Kucia Z, Kania A, Sitko D, Kluczewska-Chmielarz K, Konieczny K, Gajda J, et al. Controlling the Functional Properties of K0.5Bi0.5TiO3 Ceramics Using E-Poling. Materials. 2026; 19(1):34. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma19010034

Chicago/Turabian Style

Suchanicz, Jan, Marcin Wąs, Bartosz Handke, Piotr Jeleń, Zofia Kucia, Antoni Kania, Dorota Sitko, Kamila Kluczewska-Chmielarz, Krzysztof Konieczny, Jakub Gajda, and et al. 2026. "Controlling the Functional Properties of K0.5Bi0.5TiO3 Ceramics Using E-Poling" Materials 19, no. 1: 34. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma19010034

APA Style

Suchanicz, J., Wąs, M., Handke, B., Jeleń, P., Kucia, Z., Kania, A., Sitko, D., Kluczewska-Chmielarz, K., Konieczny, K., Gajda, J., Zawada, A., Lapinski, M., Swatowska, B., Brzezińska, D., Fitas, J., Hebda, T., & Stachowski, G. (2026). Controlling the Functional Properties of K0.5Bi0.5TiO3 Ceramics Using E-Poling. Materials, 19(1), 34. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma19010034

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