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10.3390/ma18194641
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Article

Synergistic Effects of Temperature and Cooling Rate on Lamellar Microstructure Evolution and Mechanical Performance in Ti-44.9Al-4.1Nb-1.0Mo-0.1B-0.05Y-0.05Si Alloy

by
Fengliang Tan
1,
Yantao Li
1,
Jinbiao Cui
1,
Ning Liu
2,
Kashif Naseem
1,
Zhichao Zhu
3 and
Shiwei Tian
3,*
1
School of Materials and Environmental Engineering, Hunan University of Humanities Science and Technology, Loudi 417000, China
2
Technical Center of Hunan Valin Lianyuan Iron and Steel Co., Ltd., Loudi 417009, China
3
Institute of Engineering Technology, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Materials 2025, 18(19), 4641; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma18194641
Submission received: 20 August 2025 / Revised: 27 September 2025 / Accepted: 30 September 2025 / Published: 9 October 2025
(This article belongs to the Section Metals and Alloys)
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Abstract

TiAl alloys are ideal candidates to replace nickel-based superalloys in aero-engines due to their low density and high specific strength, yet their industrial application is hindered by narrow heat treatment windows and unbalanced mechanical performance. To address this, this study investigates the microstructure and mechanical properties of Ti-44.9Al-4.1Nb-1.0Mo-0.1B-0.05Y-0.05Si (TNM-derived) alloys hot-rolled in the (α2 + γ) two-phase region. The research employs varying heat treatment temperatures (1150–1280 °C) and cooling rates (0.1–2.5 °C/s), combined with XRD, SEM, EBSD characterization, and 800 °C high-temperature tensile tests. Key findings: Discontinuous dynamic recrystallization (DDRX) of γ grains is the primary mechanism refining lamellar colonies during deformation. Higher heat treatment temperatures reduce γ/β phases (which constrain colony growth), increasing the volume fraction of lamellar colonies but exerting minimal impact on interlamellar spacing. Faster cooling shifts γ lamella nucleation from confined to grain boundaries to multi-sites (grain boundaries, γ lamella peripheries, α grains) and changes grain boundaries from jagged and interlocking to smooth and straight, which boosts nucleation sites and refines interlamellar spacing. Fine lamellar colonies and narrow interlamellar spacing enhance tensile strength, while eliminating brittle βo phases and promoting interlocking boundaries with uniform equiaxed γ grains improve plasticity.
Keywords: TiAl alloy; heat treatment; cooling rate; high-temperature tensile; γ allotriomorphs TiAl alloy; heat treatment; cooling rate; high-temperature tensile; γ allotriomorphs

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MDPI and ACS Style

Tan, F.; Li, Y.; Cui, J.; Liu, N.; Naseem, K.; Zhu, Z.; Tian, S. Synergistic Effects of Temperature and Cooling Rate on Lamellar Microstructure Evolution and Mechanical Performance in Ti-44.9Al-4.1Nb-1.0Mo-0.1B-0.05Y-0.05Si Alloy. Materials 2025, 18, 4641. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma18194641

AMA Style

Tan F, Li Y, Cui J, Liu N, Naseem K, Zhu Z, Tian S. Synergistic Effects of Temperature and Cooling Rate on Lamellar Microstructure Evolution and Mechanical Performance in Ti-44.9Al-4.1Nb-1.0Mo-0.1B-0.05Y-0.05Si Alloy. Materials. 2025; 18(19):4641. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma18194641

Chicago/Turabian Style

Tan, Fengliang, Yantao Li, Jinbiao Cui, Ning Liu, Kashif Naseem, Zhichao Zhu, and Shiwei Tian. 2025. "Synergistic Effects of Temperature and Cooling Rate on Lamellar Microstructure Evolution and Mechanical Performance in Ti-44.9Al-4.1Nb-1.0Mo-0.1B-0.05Y-0.05Si Alloy" Materials 18, no. 19: 4641. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma18194641

APA Style

Tan, F., Li, Y., Cui, J., Liu, N., Naseem, K., Zhu, Z., & Tian, S. (2025). Synergistic Effects of Temperature and Cooling Rate on Lamellar Microstructure Evolution and Mechanical Performance in Ti-44.9Al-4.1Nb-1.0Mo-0.1B-0.05Y-0.05Si Alloy. Materials, 18(19), 4641. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma18194641

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