Influence of Selected Transition Metals on Hard Magnetic Properties of Dy-Fe-Nb-B Vacuum Suction Rods

Ziółkowski, Grzegorz; Chrobak, Artur; Zivotsky, Ondrej; Klimontko, Joanna

doi:10.3390/ma18194508

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Influence of Selected Transition Metals on Hard Magnetic Properties of Dy-Fe-Nb-B Vacuum Suction Rods

¹

Institute of Materials Engineering, University of Silesia in Katowice, 75 Pułku Piechoty 1A, 41-500 Chorzów, Poland

²

Department of Physics, VŠB-Technical University of Ostrava, 17 Listopadu 15/2172, 708 33 Ostrava-Poruba, Czech Republic

³

Institute of Physics, University of Silesia in Katowice, 75 Pułku Piechoty 1A, 41-500 Chorzów, Poland

^*

Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.

Materials 2025, 18(19), 4508; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma18194508

Submission received: 20 July 2025 / Revised: 31 August 2025 / Accepted: 26 September 2025 / Published: 28 September 2025

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Modeling and Characterization of Materials with Unique Magnetic, Electric and Mechanical Properties (Second Volume))

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Abstract

This study investigates the structural and magnetic properties of ultra-high coercivity (Fe₈₀B₁₄Nb₆)_0.88Dy_0.12 alloys, doped with 0.5–5 at.% of selected metallic additions: magnetic (Ni, Co) and non-magnetic (Pt, Cu) elements. Material characterization involved both structural and magnetic measurements. Alloys containing dopant concentrations up to 2 at.% exhibited similar phase compositions, with the Dy₂Fe₁₄B compound being dominant. Magnetic hysteresis loops revealed a superposition of two components: magnetically soft and hard phases. A significant change in magnetic properties was observed within the 0.5 to 1 at.% dopant concentration range. Notably, the addition of 0.5 at.% Ni increased the apparent anisotropy field from 5.2 T to 7.5 T. Furthermore, 0.5 at.% Pt led to an increase in the coercive field from 4.6 T to 5.5 T. These additions influenced crystallization, resulting in the formation of a more regular microstructure without submicrometric dendrite branches, when compared to the base alloy.

Keywords: hard magnetic materials; ultra-high coercivity; vacuum suction casting

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MDPI and ACS Style

Ziółkowski, G.; Chrobak, A.; Zivotsky, O.; Klimontko, J. Influence of Selected Transition Metals on Hard Magnetic Properties of Dy-Fe-Nb-B Vacuum Suction Rods. Materials 2025, 18, 4508. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma18194508

AMA Style

Ziółkowski G, Chrobak A, Zivotsky O, Klimontko J. Influence of Selected Transition Metals on Hard Magnetic Properties of Dy-Fe-Nb-B Vacuum Suction Rods. Materials. 2025; 18(19):4508. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma18194508

Chicago/Turabian Style

Ziółkowski, Grzegorz, Artur Chrobak, Ondrej Zivotsky, and Joanna Klimontko. 2025. "Influence of Selected Transition Metals on Hard Magnetic Properties of Dy-Fe-Nb-B Vacuum Suction Rods" Materials 18, no. 19: 4508. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma18194508

APA Style

Ziółkowski, G., Chrobak, A., Zivotsky, O., & Klimontko, J. (2025). Influence of Selected Transition Metals on Hard Magnetic Properties of Dy-Fe-Nb-B Vacuum Suction Rods. Materials, 18(19), 4508. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma18194508

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Influence of Selected Transition Metals on Hard Magnetic Properties of Dy-Fe-Nb-B Vacuum Suction Rods

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