Effects of Heat-Treatment and Cold-Rolling on Mechanical Properties and Impact Failure Resistance of New Al 6082 Aluminum Alloy by Continuous Casting Direct Rolling Process
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Experimental Procedure
3. Results and Discussion
3.1. Comparison of Two Post-Processing Combined Processes
3.2. Microstructure and Mechanical Properties
3.3. Tensile Toughness, Charpy Impact Toughness, and Elasticity Modulus
3.4. Metallurgical Mechanism of CCDR Al Alloy
4. Conclusions
- (1)
- The strength of specimen T6 was notably higher than that of specimen T4 under the same solution heat treatment conditions. This discrepancy is attributed to the weaker precipitation strengthening effect in specimen T4 compared to T6, resulting in lower deformation resistance and higher elongation in specimen T4.
- (2)
- Solution heat treatment after rolling induces recrystallization and grain coarsening, leading to the disappearance of the rolling effect and a decrease in strength. Conversely, heat treatment followed by rolling enhances strength. For diameter reductions of up to 33.3% (R4) due to cold rolling after heat treatment, the elongation remains within the engineering application range (TE > 10%), while maintaining adequate mechanical strength.
- (3)
- The elastic modulus of specimens T4R4 and T6R4 increased from the original 2.13 GPa and 2.67 GPa to 4.98 GPa and 5.96 GPa, respectively. However, the elongation decreased from 10% to 12% after cold rolling, and the toughness also decreased by 71.7% and 64.2%, respectively, after stretching. Despite this, the strength, tensile toughness, and Charpy impact toughness of specimen T6R4 were slightly higher than those of specimen T4R4.
- (4)
- The CCDR process prevented abnormal grain growth. Initially, precipitation strengthening occurred with T4 and T6 heat treatments. Subsequently, the cold rolling process was implemented, promoting the accumulation of dislocations and significantly enhancing the hardening effect, further increasing the strength but reducing the plasticity. Finally, heat treatment was performed to soften the material and restore the ductility reduced by rolling.
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Coded | Treatment Condition |
---|---|
F | Raw material |
T4-2h | 560 °C 2 h/water quenching → natural aging 7 days |
T4-4h | 560 °C 4 h/water quenching → natural aging 7 days |
T4-6h | 560 °C 6 h/water quenching → natural aging 7 days |
T6-2h | 560 °C 2 h/water quenching → 170 °C 4 h/air quenching |
T6-4h | 560 °C 4 h/water quenching → 170 °C 4 h/air quenching |
T6-6h | 560 °C 6 h/water quenching → 170 °C r 4 h/air quenching |
R5 | Thicknesses of 6 mm were rolled to 5 mm |
R4 | Thicknesses of 6 mm were rolled to 4 mm |
R3 | Thicknesses of 6 mm were rolled to 3 mm |
R2 | Thicknesses of 6 mm were rolled to 2 mm |
R1 | Thicknesses of 6 mm were rolled to 1 mm |
R5T4 | Thicknesses of 6 mm were rolled to 5 mm + 560 °C 2 h/water quenching → natural aging 7 days |
R4T4 | Thicknesses of 6 mm were rolled to 4 mm + 560 °C 2 h/water quenching → natural aging 7 days |
R3T4 | Thicknesses of 6 mm were rolled to 3 mm + 560 °C 2 h/water quenching → natural aging 7 days |
R2T4 | Thicknesses of 6 mm were rolled to 2 mm + 560 °C 2 h/water quenching → natural aging 7 days |
R1T4 | Thicknesses of 6 mm were rolled to 1 mm + 560 °C 2 h/water quenching → natural aging 7 days |
R5T6 | Thicknesses of 6 mm were rolled to 5 mm + 560 °C 2 h/water quenching →170 °C 4 h/air quenching |
R4T6 | Thicknesses of 6 mm were rolled to 4 mm + 560 °C 2 h/water quenching →170 °C 4 h/air quenching |
R3T6 | Thicknesses of 6 mm were rolled to 3 mm + 560 °C 2 h/water quenching →170 °C 4 h/air quenching |
R2T6 | Thicknesses of 6 mm were rolled to 2 mm + 560 °C 2 h/water quenching →170 °C 4 h/air quenching |
R1T6 | Thicknesses of 6 mm were rolled to 1 mm + 560 °C 2 h/water quenching →170 °C 4 h/air quenching |
T4R5 | 560 °C 2 h/water quenching → natural aging 7 days + Thicknesses of 6 mm were rolled to 5 mm |
T4R4 | 560 °C 2 h/water quenching → natural aging 7 days + Thicknesses of 6 mm were rolled to 4 mm |
T4R3 | 560 °C 2 h/water quenching → natural aging 7 days + Thicknesses of 6 mm were rolled to 3 mm |
T4R2 | 560 °C 2 h/water quenching → natural aging 7 days + Thicknesses of 6 mm were rolled to 2 mm |
T4R1 | 560 °C 2 h/water quenching → natural aging 7 days + Thicknesses of 6 mm were rolled to 1 mm |
T6R5 | 560 °C 2 h/water quenching →170 °C 4 h/air quenching + Thicknesses of 6 mm were rolled to 5 mm |
T6R4 | 560 °C 2 h/water quenching →170 °C 4 h/air quenching + Thicknesses of 6 mm were rolled to 4 mm |
T6R3 | 560 °C 2 h/water quenching →170 °C 4 h/air quenching + Thicknesses of 6 mm were rolled to 3 mm |
T6R2 | 560 °C 2 h/water quenching →170 °C 4 h/air quenching + Thicknesses of 6 mm were rolled to 2 mm |
T6R1 | 560 °C 2 h/water quenching →170 °C 4 h/air quenching + Thicknesses of 6 mm were rolled to 1 mm |
T6R4T6 | 560 °C 2 h/water quenching →170 °C 4 h/air quenching + Thicknesses of 6 mm were rolled to 4 mm + 360 °C 2 h/water quenching →170 °C 4 h/air quenching |
Locations | A | B | C | D | E | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Elements | Wt. % | At. % | Wt. % | At. % | Wt. % | At. % | Wt. % | At. % | Wt. % | At. % |
Mg | 1.96 | 2.19 | 1.76 | 1.96 | 1.96 | 2.23 | 2.19 | 2.44 | 1.69 | 1.89 |
Al | 94.11 | 94.99 | 96.59 | 96.93 | 92.37 | 94.31 | 96.12 | 96.45 | 89.30 | 89.80 |
Si | 1.82 | 1.76 | 0.62 | 0.60 | 1.28 | 1.26 | 0.59 | 0.57 | 8.16 | 7.89 |
Cr | 0.22 | 0.11 | 0.20 | 0.11 | 0.76 | 0.40 | 0.27 | 0.14 | 0.25 | 0.13 |
Mn | 1.14 | 0.56 | 0.53 | 0.26 | 2.17 | 1.09 | 0.48 | 0.24 | 0.25 | 0.12 |
Fe | 0.77 | 0.37 | 0.14 | 0.14 | 1.44 | 0.81 | 0.38 | 0.17 | 0.34 | 0.17 |
Specimen | T4R4 | T6R4 |
---|---|---|
Tensile Toughness (J/cm3) | 43.4 ± 3.1 | 52.9 ± 2.5 |
Charpy Impact Toughness (J/cm2) | 11.6 ± 1.5 | 12.3 ± 2.3 |
Specimen | F | T4 | T6 | T4R4 | R4T4 | T6R4 | R4T6 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
E (GPa) | 0.87 | 2.13 | 2.67 | 4.98 | 4.46 | 5.16 | 4.52 |
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Zhao, J.-R.; Hung, F.-Y.; Chen, J.-H. Effects of Heat-Treatment and Cold-Rolling on Mechanical Properties and Impact Failure Resistance of New Al 6082 Aluminum Alloy by Continuous Casting Direct Rolling Process. Materials 2024, 17, 805. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma17040805
Zhao J-R, Hung F-Y, Chen J-H. Effects of Heat-Treatment and Cold-Rolling on Mechanical Properties and Impact Failure Resistance of New Al 6082 Aluminum Alloy by Continuous Casting Direct Rolling Process. Materials. 2024; 17(4):805. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma17040805
Chicago/Turabian StyleZhao, Jun-Ren, Fei-Yi Hung, and Jian-Hong Chen. 2024. "Effects of Heat-Treatment and Cold-Rolling on Mechanical Properties and Impact Failure Resistance of New Al 6082 Aluminum Alloy by Continuous Casting Direct Rolling Process" Materials 17, no. 4: 805. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma17040805