Microstructure Evolution at Ni/Fe Interface in Dissimilar Metal Weld between Ferritic Steel and Austenitic Stainless Steel
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Experimental
2.1. Materials and DMW Fabrication
2.2. Characterization Methods for Microstructure
3. Results
3.1. Microstructure of the 12Cr2MoWVTiB Steel Matrix
3.2. Layered Structure at the WM/12Cr2MoWVTiB Steel Interface Formed by Welding
3.3. Microstructures at the WM/12Cr2MoWVTiB Steel Interface after PWHT
4. Discussion
4.1. Solidification and Phase Transformation during Welding
4.2. Evolution of Interfacial Microstructure during PWHT
4.3. Inhomogeneous Mechanical Properties near the Ni/Fe Interface
5. Conclusions
- (1)
- Heterogenous interface structures were found along the Ni/Fe interface between nickel-based WM and ferritic steel, consisting of a martensitic layer with a BCC structure and a PMZ with a FCC structure. A K–S relationship existed between the BCC martensitic layer and the FCC PMZ.
- (2)
- During the welding process, the solidification path of the whole PMZ was L→L + A→A. There was a large Ni content gradient in the PMZ, which led to inhomogeneous solid phase transformation during cooling. The region adjacent to ferritic steel in the PMZ contained a lower Ni content, resulting in a higher Ms point, and a BCC quenched martensite layer was formed after welding. Due to the high Ni content in the region adjacent to WM in the PMZ, the austenite was maintained after cooling, and the FCC PMZ was formed after welding.
- (3)
- During the PWHT process, the BCC quenched martensite layer would further evolve, in which the region adjacent to the FCC PMZ was re-austenized and then finer quenched martensite was newly formed after cooling. Meanwhile, the quenched martensite in the region adjacent to ferritic steel was transformed into tempered martensite with a few carbides formed inside.
- (4)
- The heterogenous microstructure near the Ni/Fe interface aggravated the mismatch of interfacial mechanical properties. Due to the presence of substructures, carbides, and high dislocation density, the hardness of the interfacial martensite was obviously higher than that of the two sides, which might be an adverse factor that deteriorates the performance of DMWs.
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Position | Cr | Ni | Mn | C | Si | Fe |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | 5.85 | 13.95 | 0.91 | — | — | 79.29 |
2 | 2.99 | — | 0.74 | 0.98 | 0.67 | 94.63 |
3 | 9.92 | 33.36 | — | 0.96 | — | 55.76 |
C | Cr | Ni | Mn | Mo | Si | Nb | Co | Cu | Fe |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
0.11 | 4.42 | 9.26 | 0.68 | 0.39 | 0.37 | 0.0093 | 0.11 | 0.034 | Balance |
Cr | Ni | Mn | Si | Fe | Ac1 | Ms | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | 4.29 | 9.79 | 0.88 | 0.29 | Balance | 415 | 130 |
2 | 4.23 | 9.89 | 0.94 | 0.24 | Balance | 409 | 126 |
3 | 4.41 | 10.39 | 0.98 | 0.25 | Balance | 393 | 106 |
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Li, X.; Nie, J.; Wang, X.; Li, K.; Zhang, H. Microstructure Evolution at Ni/Fe Interface in Dissimilar Metal Weld between Ferritic Steel and Austenitic Stainless Steel. Materials 2023, 16, 6294. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma16186294
Li X, Nie J, Wang X, Li K, Zhang H. Microstructure Evolution at Ni/Fe Interface in Dissimilar Metal Weld between Ferritic Steel and Austenitic Stainless Steel. Materials. 2023; 16(18):6294. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma16186294
Chicago/Turabian StyleLi, Xiaogang, Junfeng Nie, Xin Wang, Kejian Li, and Haiquan Zhang. 2023. "Microstructure Evolution at Ni/Fe Interface in Dissimilar Metal Weld between Ferritic Steel and Austenitic Stainless Steel" Materials 16, no. 18: 6294. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma16186294