Performance Review of Strain-Hardening Cementitious Composites in Structural Applications
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Material Property of SHCC Material
3. Flexural and Shear Behavior of the SHCC Member
3.1. Flexural Behavior of the SHCC Member
3.2. Shear Behavior of the SHCC Member
3.2.1. Shear Stress-Displacement Relationship and Crack Propagation Pattern
3.2.2. Characteristics of the SHCC Fracture Surface
4. Flexural and Shear Behavior of the SHCC Layer Strengthening the RC Member
4.1. Flexural Behavior of the RC Member with Strengthening Using the SHCC Layer
4.1.1. Load-Carrying Capacities of Strengthened RC Member in Flexural Failure
4.1.2. Crack Propagation Pattern of the SHCC Layer for Flexural Strengthening
4.2. Behavior of the RC Member with Shear Strengthening Using the SHCC Layer
5. Conclusions
- (1)
- The shear-failed SHCC members are suddenly dropped and smoothly decreased after reaching the peak load capacity, in which the shear-failed SHCC members demonstrate similar crack propagation behavior. The flexural multi-fine cracks first occur, and then some multiple fine cracks occur in the middle of the shear span independent of the aforementioned flexural cracks, in which the multiple fine cracks are gradually increased with the increasing load level thereafter. The multiple fine cracks in the shear direction play a dominant role in the SHCC member during shear failure. After that, the localization behavior occurs among the multiple fine cracks and the sudden drop in shear load appears in the shear-failed SHCC member.
- (2)
- The crack propagation patterns of the SHCC member in flexural failure demonstrate that the flexural multiple fine cracks appear in the SHCC member first, and then the multiple fine cracks significantly increase with the increasing load-carrying capacity. This means that the SHCC member experiences multi-cracking processes, which finally fail due to the localization of some flexural multiple fine cracks in the SHCC member thereafter.
- (3)
- In the load-displacement curves of the SHCC layer flexural strengthening the RC member, the initial stiffness of the strengthened RC member first changes after yielding the longitudinal reinforcements, and then the SHCC layer carries the load with ductile behavior due to the multiple fine cracks in the SHCC layer. Thereafter, the load drops due to the decreased load-carrying capacity of the SHCC layer, which is induced by the localized multiple fine cracks in the SHCC layer, and then the load continues to drop due to the gradual failure in the RC substrate beam. There are two types of crack propagation patterns in the multiple fine cracks in the SHCC layer used for the flexural strengthening of the RC member, which is influenced by the varied thicknesses of the SHCC layer. The multiple fine cracks from the zero-span tensile behavior are around the localized crack in the RC beam and spread from the top to the bottom of the SHCC layer, which are caused by the stress concentration from the localized crack in the RC beam. The multiple fine cracks from the uniaxial tensile behavior are almost evenly distributed and spread from the bottom to the top of the SHCC layer, which is induced by the bending effect of the strengthened RC beam.
- (4)
- In the SHCC layer used for the shear strengthening of the RC member, the SHCC layer can significantly increase the shear load-carrying capacity of the strengthened RC member. This excellent strengthening effect is probably due to the shear stress transfer behavior on the localized crack surface of the SHCC strengthening layer, which is contributed to by both the contact stress and fiber bridging stress on the crack surface of the SHCC layer. Moreover, the multiple fine cracks in the diagonal shear direction of the SHCC strengthening layer are obviously decreased from those of the shear-failed SHCC member, which means that the ductility of the SHCC layer is reduced while it is used for shear strengthening.
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Authors | Origin | Purpose | Summary Point |
---|---|---|---|
Chen et al. (2019) [9] | China | To evaluate the dynamic compressive properties of SHCC | Nanomaterials can improve the strength and toughness of SHCC and nanomaterials-modified SHCC are more sensitive to strain rate |
Li and Yang (2018) [10] | Singapore | To assess tensile strain-hardening potential of FRCC | Probabilistic-based model can evaluate uncertainty in tensile strain-hardening potential of FRCC with heterogeneity by treating micromechanical parameters as random variables |
Zhang et al. (2009) [11] | China | To assess mechanical performance of ECC with low drying shrinkage | Significant plasticity of ECC is found under compressive load after peak stress, except for similar behavior under tensile load |
Li et al. (2018) [12] | USA | To novelly use a super ductile FRCC for repairing concrete structures | The material ductility of the super ductile FRCC can translate into strong and ductile structural performance |
Bartosz et al. (2011) [13] | Brazil | To evaluate the durability of SHCC exposed to natural weathering | Temperature and humidity variations can influence the durability of SHCC in structural application |
Kim et al. (2004) [14] | Korea | To investigate fundamental performances of sprayed ECC in repair systems | ECC can be effective in extending the service life of rehabilitated infrastructures |
Zhang et al. (2015) [15] | Japan | To avoid over congestion at joint connection of rigid-famed railway bridge | PP-ECC is effective in replacing transverse reinforcements in the beam–column joints of railway rigid-framed bridge |
Qian et al. (2009) [16] | Netherlands | To study self-healing behavior of pre-cracked fiber reinforced SHCC | The developed self-healing SHCC can potentially reduce or even eliminate the maintenance needs |
Wang et al. (2020) [17] | China | To study the influence of interface roughness and repair layer thickness on bonding and shrinkage properties of SHCC-repaired concrete beams | Roughed bonding surface can improve bond strength of SHCC and old concrete, and cracking and delamination of SHCC repair layer are alleviated with increasing SHCC layer thickness |
Leung and Cao (2010) [18] | China | To develop pseudo-ductile permanent formwork for durable concrete structures | Permanent formworks can be fabricated as effective surface cover to prevent reinforcement corrosion, using PDCC with relatively low water/binder ratio |
Leung and Zhang (2007) [19] | China | To strategically apply ECC in parts of a structure that is under relatively high stress and strain | Applying ECC layer on tensile side of flexural beam can increase flexural strength, ductility, and fatigue life of the beam |
Mahmoud et al. (2020) [20] | Egypt | To improve impact resistance of reinforced concrete slabs | Thin SHCC layer added at either tension or compression side of reinforced concrete slab can improve the impact resistance of the slab |
Figueiredo et al. (2020) [21] | Netherlands | To evaluate mechanical behavior of printed SHCC | Printing technique guarantees an enhanced bond between the printed SHCC layers |
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Xue, B.; Xu, B.; Lu, W.; Zhang, Y. Performance Review of Strain-Hardening Cementitious Composites in Structural Applications. Materials 2023, 16, 5474. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma16155474
Xue B, Xu B, Lu W, Zhang Y. Performance Review of Strain-Hardening Cementitious Composites in Structural Applications. Materials. 2023; 16(15):5474. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma16155474
Chicago/Turabian StyleXue, Bingshuang, Binbin Xu, Weihua Lu, and Yongxing Zhang. 2023. "Performance Review of Strain-Hardening Cementitious Composites in Structural Applications" Materials 16, no. 15: 5474. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma16155474