Bond Behavior of Plain Bars in Concrete under Reversed Cyclic Loading
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Materials
2.2. Bonding Specimens
2.3. Test Devices and Procedures
3. Results and Discussions
3.1. Failure Mode
3.2. Bond Stress–Slip Curves
3.2.1. Bond Stress–Slip Curves under Monotonic Loading
3.2.2. Bond Stress–Slip Curves under Reversed Cyclic Loading
3.3. The Influence of Test Parameters on the Bond Performance
4. Analytical Model of Bond Stress-Slip Curve
4.1. Elastic Analysis on Bond Stress
4.2. Monotonic and Skeleton Curves
4.2.1. Elastic Stage of Monotonic Curve
4.2.2. Abrupt Stage of Monotonic Curve
4.2.3. Strengthening Stage of Monotonic Curve and Ascent Stage of Skeleton Curve
4.2.4. Degradation Stages of Monotonic and Skeleton Curves
4.3. Hysteresis Loop
4.3.1. Bond Stresses and
4.3.2. Bond Stresses and
4.3.3. Decrease and Re-Increase Branches
4.4. Verification of the Proposed Model
5. Conclusions
- The bond stress–slip curves under monotonic loading present as an attenuated sine curve; the bond stress–slip curves under reversed cyclic loading present as the butterfly shape and are roughly symmetrical about the origin;
- The maximum bond stress of plain bar in concrete decreases with the increase in embedment length, and increases with the increase in concrete compression strength, whether the specimens are subjected to monotonic loading or reversed cyclic loading.
- The maximum bond stress and corresponding slip of plain bar in concrete under reversed cyclic loading are lower than that under monotonic loading for the specimens with the same concrete compression strength and embedment length, which illustrates that the reversed cyclic loading leads to the degeneration of bond behavior;
- The analytical solutions for the bond stresses at the characteristic points were derived based on the elasticity, which could reflect the influence of the laws of concrete compression strength and embedment length;
- The bond stress–slip model was proposed, which was suitable for predicting the bond stress–slip curves of plain bars in concrete under both monotonic loading and reversed cyclic loading.
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Grade | Water (kg/m3) | Cement (kg/m3) | Sand (kg/m3) | Gravel (kg/m3) | Superplasticizer (kg/m3) | fcu (MPa) | SD (MPa) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
C30 | 215 | 347 | 699 | 1139 | - | 36.2 | 0.668 |
C40 | 215 | 448 | 591 | 1146 | - | 50.0 | 0.648 |
C50 | 148 | 375 | 760 | 1115 | 2.6 | 60.5 | 0.510 |
Specimen Groups | Concrete Grade | d (mm) | l (mm) | fcu (MPa) | Number |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
C30-D10-L50 | C30 | 10 | 50 | 36.2 | 6 |
C30-D10-L75 | C30 | 10 | 75 | 36.2 | 6 |
C30-D10-L100 | C30 | 10 | 100 | 36.2 | 6 |
C40-D10-L50 | C40 | 10 | 50 | 50.0 | 6 |
C50-D10-L50 | C50 | 10 | 50 | 60.5 | 6 |
Specimens | (MPa) | (MPa) | (MPa) | (MPa) | (mm) | (MPa) | (mm) | (MPa) | (MPa) | φ | ζ | (MPa) | (MPa) | αm | α+ | α− | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Test | Mean | Test | Mean | Test | Mean | Test | Mean | |||||||||||||
C30-D10-L50-1 | 2.11 | 2.20 | 1.85 | 0.23 | 11.32 | 11.87 | 13.34 | 3.12 | 27.79 | 7.76 | 8.50 | 5.88 | 6.85 | 0.76 | 0.72 | 6.91 | 5.48 | 0.457 | 0.653 | 0.416 |
C30-D10-L50-2 | 1.94 | 1.73 | 0.23 | 11.87 | 13.15 | 4.22 | 26.73 | 8.47 | 7.61 | 0.90 | 8.10 | 6.74 | 0.412 | 0.410 | 0.325 | |||||
C30-D10-L50-3 | 2.56 | 2.24 | 0.26 | 12.41 | 12.57 | 2.94 | 27.91 | 9.28 | 7.06 | 0.76 | 6.91 | 6.43 | 0.315 | 0.464 | 0.322 | |||||
C30-D10-L75-1 | 1.79 | 1.77 | 1.53 | 0.36 | 9.17 | 9.35 | 13.30 | 2.87 | 30.61 | 6.72 | 6.89 | 5.12 | 5.59 | 0.76 | 0.74 | 5.51 | 4.11 | 0.391 | 0.399 | 0.318 |
C30-D10-L75-2 | 2.03 | 1.85 | 0.20 | 9.28 | 13.29 | 1.83 | 31.27 | 6.94 | 5.89 | 0.85 | 5.95 | 5.14 | 0.363 | 0.389 | 0.343 | |||||
C30-D10-L75-3 | 1.49 | 1.22 | 0.32 | 9.61 | 13.09 | 2.52 | 28.84 | 7.02 | 5.78 | 0.82 | 6.25 | 4.98 | 0.375 | 0.569 | 0.390 | |||||
C30-D10-L100-1 | 1.38 | 1.51 | 1.13 | 0.30 | 6.83 | 7.23 | 13.42 | 1.41 | 29.76 | 5.61 | 5.84 | 4.47 | 4.85 | 0.80 | 0.81 | 4.83 | 3.71 | 0.317 | 0.456 | 0.384 |
C30-D10-L100-2 | 1.69 | 1.49 | 0.30 | 7.27 | 12.88 | 1.58 | 31.33 | 5.80 | 4.85 | 0.84 | 5.15 | 4.22 | 0.346 | 0.433 | 0.373 | |||||
C30-D10-L100-3 | 1.48 | 1.31 | 0.28 | 7.60 | 13.44 | 2.04 | 30.79 | 6.11 | 5.24 | 0.86 | 6.00 | 4.94 | 0.359 | 0.539 | 0.579 | |||||
C40-D10-L50-1 | 3.01 | 2.84 | 2.68 | 0.20 | 12.79 | 13.24 | 12.96 | 2.70 | 30.14 | 9.29 | 9.81 | 7.06 | 7.28 | 0.76 | 0.74 | 7.80 | 6.07 | 0.382 | 0.421 | 0.478 |
C40-D10-L50-2 | 3.58 | 3.23 | 0.25 | 13.16 | 12.68 | 3.67 | 29.72 | 9.73 | 7.04 | 0.72 | 8.25 | 6.40 | 0.414 | 0.401 | 0.349 | |||||
C40-D10-L50-3 | 1.94 | 1.64 | 0.36 | 13.76 | 13.11 | 4.30 | 30.06 | 10.42 | 7.75 | 0.74 | 9.52 | 6.97 | 0.388 | 0.466 | 0.350 | |||||
C50-D10-L50-1 | 2.75 | 3.20 | 2.52 | 0.28 | 14.87 | 15.38 | 13.39 | 3.47 | 28.79 | 12.14 | 12.52 | 10.41 | 10.12 | 0.86 | 0.81 | 10.57 | 8.55 | 0.359 | 0.445 | 0.446 |
C50-D10-L50-2 | 3.80 | 3.64 | 0.25 | 15.55 | 12.54 | 3.61 | 29.85 | 12.65 | 10.26 | 0.81 | 10.61 | 9.56 | 0.352 | 0.401 | 0.462 | |||||
C50-D10-L50-3 | 3.03 | 2.80 | 0.22 | 15.71 | 13.62 | 4.22 | 30.59 | 12.77 | 9.70 | 0.76 | 11.36 | 8.44 | 0.422 | 0.439 | 0.424 | |||||
Mean value | 0.269 | 13.12 | 29.61 | 0.800 | 0.763 | 0.377 | 0.459 | 0.397 | ||||||||||||
SD | 0.050 | 0.332 | 1.347 | 0.052 | 0.038 | 0.039 | 0.074 | 0.072 |
Specimens | (MPa) | Error(%) | (MPa) | Error(%) | (MPa) | Error(%) | (MPa) | Error(%) | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Test | Calculated | Test | Calculated | Test | Calculated | Test | Calculated | |||||
C30-D10-L50 | 2.20 | 2.34 | 6.43 | 11.87 | 11.60 | −2.22 | 8.50 | 8.85 | 4.11 | 6.85 | 7.08 | 3.39 |
C30-D10-L75 | 1.77 | 1.88 | 5.91 | 9.35 | 9.28 | −0.75 | 6.89 | 7.08 | 2.73 | 5.59 | 5.67 | 1.27 |
C30-D10-L100 | 1.51 | 1.56 | 3.17 | 7.23 | 7.73 | 6.93 | 5.84 | 5.90 | 1.00 | 4.85 | 4.72 | −2.73 |
C40-D10-L50 | 2.84 | 2.80 | −1.53 | 13.24 | 13.86 | 4.70 | 9.81 | 10.57 | 7.74 | 7.28 | 8.46 | 16.18 |
C50-D10-L50 | 3.20 | 3.11 | −2.74 | 15.38 | 15.39 | 0.08 | 12.52 | 11.74 | −6.22 | 10.12 | 9.39 | −7.21 |
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Zhao, J.; Yin, L.; Li, X.; Yue, X. Bond Behavior of Plain Bars in Concrete under Reversed Cyclic Loading. Materials 2023, 16, 4836. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma16134836
Zhao J, Yin L, Li X, Yue X. Bond Behavior of Plain Bars in Concrete under Reversed Cyclic Loading. Materials. 2023; 16(13):4836. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma16134836
Chicago/Turabian StyleZhao, Jun, Lu Yin, Xiaopeng Li, and Xinjie Yue. 2023. "Bond Behavior of Plain Bars in Concrete under Reversed Cyclic Loading" Materials 16, no. 13: 4836. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma16134836