Photodegradation of Bamboo: A Study on Changes in Mechanical Performances
Abstract
1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Materials
2.2. UV Aging
2.3. Microscopic Analysis
2.4. Bending Tests
3. Results
3.1. Bending Tests
3.2. IR and Microscopical Analysis
4. Conclusions
- After 48 h of exposure, bending strength starts growing, reaching an increment of 31% (149 MPa), concerning the initial value (113 MPa), at 96 h of exposure.
- After 96 h, bending strength starts declining slightly from the higher value but remains higher than the initial strength; after 360 h of exposure, it is 8% of the initial one (122 MPa).
- There are no significant changes in deformation at different times of exposure.
- Modifications of the chemical features of the material have been analyzed with FTIR spectroscopy and a progressive degradation of lignin is reported.
- Modifications of the morphological features have been analyzed by ESEM and optical microscopy observations, and cracks in the fiber walls are highlighted from micrographs, as reported in [10]. No effects have been found on the fiber length.
- After 48 h of exposure, bending strength starts growing, reaching an increment of 23% (160 MPa) concerning the initial value (130 MPa) at 192 h of exposure.
- After 192 h, bending strength starts declining slightly from the higher value but remains higher than the initial strength, as it is around the 8% after 360 h of exposure (142 MPa).
- There are no significant changes in deformation at different times of exposure.
- Modifications of the chemical features of the material have been analyzed with FTIR spectroscopy and a progressive degradation of lignin is reported for the virgin samples.
Author Contributions
Funding
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Hours of Exposure | Natural Samples | Treated Samples | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
σb,ult [MPa] | ε [%] | σb,ult [MPa] | ||
0 | 113.26 (18.94) | 0.98 (0.16) | 130.48 (13.30) | 1.27 (0.17) |
6 | 125.12 (11.44) | 1.27 (0.02) | 136.92 (14.31) | 1.45 (0.09) |
12 | 119.45 (15.14) | 1.23 (0.1) | 134.55 (11.76) | 1.45 (0.17) |
24 | 119.75 (14.09) | 1.36 (0.04) | 137.62 (13.86) | 1.56 (0.13) |
48 | 125.30 (10.46) | 1.3 (0.05) | 135.99 (11.71) | 1.26 (0.2) |
96 | 149.72 (12.55) | 1.2 (0.17) | 146.18 (8.67) | 1.56 (0.14) |
192 | 137.69 (17.33) | 1.51 (0.13) | 159.95 (11.49) | 1.59 (0.09) |
360 | 122.20 (26.70) | 1.39 (0.04) | 141.74 (11.78) | 1.62 (0.13) |
Hours of Exposure | σb,ult [MPa] (St Dev) | |||
---|---|---|---|---|
UV Rays | Oven | |||
Natural | Treated | Natural | Treated | |
96 | 149.72 (12.55) | 146.18 (8.67) | 123.25 (9.03) | 138.00 (21.03) |
192 | 137.69 (17.33) | 159.95 (11.49) | 120.62 (20.30) | 130.45 (13.31) |
360 | 122.20 (26.70) | 141.74 (11.78) | 132.10 (6.16) | 145.67 (15.54) |
6 h | 12 h | 24 h | 48 h | 96 h | 192 h | 360 h | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
0 h | 0.997 | 0.999 | 0.995 | 0.999 | 0.759 | 0.125 | 0.941 |
6 h | − | 1.000 | 1.000 | 1.000 | 0.978 | 0.346 | 0.999 |
12 h | − | 1.000 | 1.000 | 0.931 | 0.245 | 0.995 | |
24 h | − | 1.000 | 0.986 | 0.381 | 0.999 | ||
48 h | − | 0.964 | 0.304 | 0.999 | |||
96 h | − | 0.853 | 0.999 | ||||
192 h | − | 0.614 |
96 h | 192 h | 360 h | |
---|---|---|---|
0 h | 0.919 | 1.000 | 0.668 |
96 h | 0.918 | 0.951 | |
192 h | 0.667 |
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Greco, S.; Manzi, S.; Molari, L.; Saccani, A.; Ulian, G.; Valdrè, G. Photodegradation of Bamboo: A Study on Changes in Mechanical Performances. Materials 2023, 16, 285. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma16010285
Greco S, Manzi S, Molari L, Saccani A, Ulian G, Valdrè G. Photodegradation of Bamboo: A Study on Changes in Mechanical Performances. Materials. 2023; 16(1):285. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma16010285
Chicago/Turabian StyleGreco, Silvia, Stefania Manzi, Luisa Molari, Andrea Saccani, Gianfranco Ulian, and Giovanni Valdrè. 2023. "Photodegradation of Bamboo: A Study on Changes in Mechanical Performances" Materials 16, no. 1: 285. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma16010285
APA StyleGreco, S., Manzi, S., Molari, L., Saccani, A., Ulian, G., & Valdrè, G. (2023). Photodegradation of Bamboo: A Study on Changes in Mechanical Performances. Materials, 16(1), 285. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma16010285