Research of Low-Temperature Performance of Polyphosphoric Acid-Modified Asphalt
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Materials
2.2. Sample Preparation
2.3. Asphalt Binder Test Method
3. Results and Analysis
3.1. Compatibility and Micro-Mechanism of the PPA-Modified Asphalt
3.1.1. SEM Image Analysis
3.1.2. Mechanism Analysis of Asphalt Modification
3.2. Analysis of Indicators in Low-Temperature BBR Test
3.2.1. Creep Stiffness Modulus (S) and Creep Rate (m)
3.2.2. K Index
3.2.3. Viscous Flow (η1)
3.2.4. Low Temperature Integrated Flexibility (Jc)
3.2.5. Relaxation Time (λ)
3.3. Selection of Low-Temperature Performance Indicators for Asphalt
3.3.1. Construction of AHP Hierarchy
3.3.2. Construction of the Judgment Matrix A for the Goal and Criterion Layers and Consistency Test
3.3.3. Construction of the Comparison Matrix Pi from the Criterion Layer to the Alternative Layer (Comparison Matrix of the i-th Scheme to the Criterion Layer)
3.3.4. Total AHP Ranking and the Consistency Test
4. Conclusions
- (1)
- Based on SEM images: After the addition of PPA, the particle size of the asphalt surface and agglomeration degree of SBR-modified asphalt were reduced, indicating that PPA can effectively improve the compatibility of SBR and neat asphalt.
- (2)
- Based on the FTIR test: The infrared spectrum of PPA-modified asphalt showed the disappearance and generation of absorption peaks at 1725 cm−1–1480 cm−1, 2358 cm−1, and 2387 cm−1, which indicated that the chemical reaction occurred when PPA was added into the neat asphalt, and phosphate ester was formed. In the infrared spectra of PPA/SBR modified asphalt, the characteristic peaks disappear and produce at 1000 cm−1–1600 cm−1 and 1600 cm−1, indicating that the composite modification was mainly chemical.
- (3)
- Based on the BBR test: The low-temperature performance of PPA-modified asphalt was evaluated comprehensively by the Burgers model. The low-temperature performance of asphalt with different PPA dosages evaluated only by creep stiffness modulus (S) or creep rate (m) leads to different trends, which cannot accurately evaluate the low-temperature performance of modified asphalt. Additionally, a good correlation can be obtained by fitting the Burgers model with the low-temperature creep flexibility. Considering the deformation and stress relaxation of asphalt, the K index and the Burgers model-based η1, Jc, and λ were selected to evaluate the low-temperature performance of asphalt. The multi-indicator analysis shows that the recommended PPA dosage is 1.2% for DH asphalt, 0.6% for KL asphalt, 0.3% for DH-PPA/SBR-modified asphalt, and 0.6% for KL-PPA/SBR-modified asphalt.
- (4)
- The indicators η1, Jc, λ, and K were analyzed by AHP. The results showed that Jc has the highest weight value of 0.3501, with a heavy calculation burden. It is recommended to use this indicator in the research work for evaluating the low-temperature performance of PPA-modified asphalt. The weight value of λ (0.2745) is also large but simple to calculate and can be used in practical engineering.
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Test Items | Unit | Test Results | Test Methods (JTG E20-2011) | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
DH | KL | ||||
Softening point (R&B) | °C | 53.1 | 49.5 | T 0606 | |
Ductility (50 mm/min, 10 °C) | cm | 39.7 | >100 | T 0605 | |
Needle penetration (25 °C, 5 s, 100 g) | 0.1 mm | 64.2 | 93.5 | T 0604 | |
Solubility | % | 99.9 | 99.9 | T 0607 | |
Density (15 °C) | g/cm3 | 1.033 | 1.031 | T 0603 | |
Flash point | °C | 279 | 283 | T 0611 | |
RTFOT * Residues | Mass change | % | 0.47 | 0.58 | T 0610 |
Residual needle penetration rate (25 °C) | % | 70.2 | 64.3 | T 0604 | |
Residual ductility (10 °C) | cm | 14.1 | 9.5 | T 0605 |
Technical Specifications | Unit | Measured Value |
---|---|---|
Granularity | Mesh | 10~80 |
Combined styrene content | % | 10~50 |
Mooney viscosity | ML | 45~65 |
tensile stress at 300% elongation | MPa | 15 |
Tensile strength | MPa | 25 |
PPA Types | Test Indicators | |||
---|---|---|---|---|
P2O5 (Mass Fraction) (%) | Chloride (Cl, %) | Heavy Metals (Pb, %) | Iron (Fe, %) | |
PPA-110 | 82.0 | ≤0.001 | ≤0.003 | ≤0.002 |
PPA Dosage (%) | BBR Indicators | Test Data Corresponding to Different Neat Asphalts | |
---|---|---|---|
DH | KL | ||
0 | S (MPa) | 105 | 87.2 |
m | 0.458 | 0.515 | |
0.3 | S (MPa) | 98.1 | 69.3 |
m | 0.431 | 0.526 | |
0.6 | S (MPa) | 96.6 | 67.6 |
m | 0.436 | 0.542 | |
0.9 | S (MPa) | 85.4 | 68.4 |
m | 0.440 | 0.465 | |
1.2 | S (MPa) | 87.3 | 71.1 |
m | 0.448 | 0.487 |
Asphalt Specimens | BBR Indicators | Test Data Corresponding to Different Neat Asphalts | |
---|---|---|---|
DH | KL | ||
+2% R | S (MPa) | 118 | 88.9 |
m | 0.423 | 0.417 | |
+2% R + 0.3% P | S (MPa) | 91 | 77.9 |
m | 0.417 | 0.501 | |
+2% R + 0.6% P | S (MPa) | 109 | 57.9 |
m | 0.407 | 0.522 | |
+2% R + 0.9% P | S (MPa) | 106 | 68.3 |
m | 0.404 | 0.510 |
Consistency Test Indicators | P1 | P2 | P3 |
---|---|---|---|
Wpi | 0.2688 | 0.2741 | 0.0742 |
0.1464 | 0.1095 | 0.2869 | |
0.4491 | 0.4960 | 0.2609 | |
0.1358 | 0.1204 | 0.3780 | |
CI | 0.0666 | 0.0414 | 0.0638 |
RI | 0.89 | 0.89 | 0.89 |
CR | 0.0749 | 0.0465 | 0.0659 |
Indicators | P1 | P2 | P3 | Total Weight |
---|---|---|---|---|
K | 0.2688 | 0.2741 | 0.0742 | 0.1555 |
η1 | 0.1464 | 0.1095 | 0.2869 | 0.2198 |
Jc | 0.4491 | 0.4960 | 0.2609 | 0.3501 |
λ | 0.1358 | 0.1204 | 0.3780 | 0.2745 |
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Wei, J.; Huang, M.; Zhou, Y.; Li, P.; Yu, F.; Ju, H.; Shi, S. Research of Low-Temperature Performance of Polyphosphoric Acid-Modified Asphalt. Materials 2023, 16, 111. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma16010111
Wei J, Huang M, Zhou Y, Li P, Yu F, Ju H, Shi S. Research of Low-Temperature Performance of Polyphosphoric Acid-Modified Asphalt. Materials. 2023; 16(1):111. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma16010111
Chicago/Turabian StyleWei, Jianguo, Meiyan Huang, Yuming Zhou, Ping Li, Fan Yu, Haolong Ju, and Song Shi. 2023. "Research of Low-Temperature Performance of Polyphosphoric Acid-Modified Asphalt" Materials 16, no. 1: 111. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma16010111
APA StyleWei, J., Huang, M., Zhou, Y., Li, P., Yu, F., Ju, H., & Shi, S. (2023). Research of Low-Temperature Performance of Polyphosphoric Acid-Modified Asphalt. Materials, 16(1), 111. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma16010111