Green Synthesis of Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles Using Red Seaweed for the Elimination of Organic Toxic Dye from an Aqueous Solution
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Collection and Preparation of Seaweeds
2.2. ZnO Nanoparticle Synthesis
2.3. Reagents and Chemicals
2.4. Characterization
2.5. Adsorption Equilibrium Procedure
2.5.1. Batch Adsorption Studies
2.5.2. Adsorption Kinetics, Equilibrium, and Thermodynamic Studies
2.5.3. Analysis of Errors
3. Results and Discussion
3.1. ZnO-NP Characterization
3.1.1. FTIR
3.1.2. SEM
3.1.3. BET
3.2. XRD Study
3.3. UV
3.4. Influence of Experimental Parameters on the Adsorption Mechanism
3.4.1. pH
3.4.2. ZnO-NP Dosages
3.4.3. Contact Times
3.4.4. Initial IV2R Concentration
3.4.5. Temperature
3.5. Adsorption Isotherms
3.5.1. Freundlich Isotherm
3.5.2. Langmuir
3.5.3. Harkins–Jura
3.5.4. Halsay
3.5.5. Smith
3.5.6. Tempkin
3.6. Models of Sorption Kinetics
3.6.1. Pseudo-First-Order Model
3.6.2. Pseudo-Second-Order Model
3.6.3. Model of Interparticle Diffusion
3.6.4. Elovich Model
3.7. Thermodynamic Studies
3.8. Dye Removal Mechanism
3.9. Synthetic Dye Effluent Treatment
3.10. Comparison with Other Adsorbents
4. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Characteristics | Value |
---|---|
Dye name | Ismate violet 2R |
Wavelength (λ max) | 550 nm |
Mol. wt. | 700 |
Molecular formula | C22H14N4O11S3CuCl |
C.I. name | IV2R |
Molecular structure |
Surface Characteristics | Value |
---|---|
BET surface area | 113.751 m2 g−1 |
Langmuir method | 215.295 m2 g−1 |
Average pore size | 2.52797 nm |
Total pore volume | 0.14378 C2 g−1 |
DH desorption | 84.0658 m2 g−1 |
BJH desorption | 82.2329 m2 g−1 |
Average particle radius | 1.1988 nm |
Polarizability | 1.46 (mL mol−1) |
Surface atom density | 13.1 (mol cm2) |
RMSE | X2 | Value | Isotherm Parameter | Isotherm Model |
---|---|---|---|---|
0.046 | 0.001 | 0.754 | 1/n | Freundlich |
34.30 | KF (mg−1−1/n L1/n g−1) | |||
0.995 | R2 | |||
0.047 | 0.002 | 59.88 | Qmax (mg g−1) | Langmuir |
7.26 | Ka | |||
0.979 | R2 | |||
0.038 | RL | |||
14.995 | 65.439 | 0.06 | AHJ | Harkins–Jura |
0.81 | BHJ | |||
0.894 | R2 | |||
0.054 | 0.001 | 0.753 | 1/nH | Halsey |
721 | KH | |||
0.995 | R2 | |||
0.004 | 0.000 | 4.940 | Wbs | Smith |
178.730 | Ws | |||
0.995 | R2 | |||
16.192 | 76.305 | 14.65 | AT | Tempkin |
65.36 | BT | |||
592.46 | bT | |||
0.926 | R2 |
Model | Parameter | Value |
---|---|---|
First-order kinetic | qe (calc.) | 82.41 |
K1 (min−1) | 4.66 × 10−3 | |
R2 | 0.018 | |
Second-order kinetic | qe (calc.) (mg g−1) | 4.00 |
K2 (mg g−1 min−1) | 5.69 | |
R2 | 1 | |
qe (exp.) | 3.99 | |
Interparticle diffusion | Kdif (min1/2) | 0.0014 |
C | 0.60 | |
R2 | 0.615 | |
Elovich | Β (mg g−1 min−1) | 1.31 |
α (g mg−1) | 25,510.02 | |
R2 | 0.771 |
Temperature (°C) | ∆G° (kJ mol−1) | ∆H° (kJ mol−1) | ΔS° (J mol−1) |
---|---|---|---|
25 | −5.22548 | 0.287 | −0.018 |
30 | −5.29248 | ||
35 | −5.3995 | ||
45 | −5.58672 | ||
55 | −5.76682 |
Ref. | qe (mg g−1) | Contact Time (min) | pH | Organic Dyes | Adsorptions |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
[66] | 116.29 | 4 | Ay 199 | ZnO-NPs-AC | |
[19] | 66.66 | 120 | 9 | methylene blue | AC–ZnO |
[67] | 9.7 | 180 | 7 | indigo carmine | Charcoal from rice bran |
[68] | 30 | 1200 | - | indigo carmine | Charcoal from extracted residue of coffee beans |
[69] | 55.25 | 5 | 4 | Titan yellow | Aloe vera |
[70] | 312.5 | 60–120 | 7.5 | methylene blue | Arthrospira platensis biomass |
[71] | 2.13 | 480 | 4.9 | tartrazine | Cellulose extracted from wheat residue |
Current study | 59.88 | 60–120 | 2 | Ismate violet 2R (IV2R) | Green ZnO-NPs (prepared from red seaweed (Pterocladia Capillacea)) |
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Mansour, A.T.; Alprol, A.E.; Khedawy, M.; Abualnaja, K.M.; Shalaby, T.A.; Rayan, G.; Ramadan, K.M.A.; Ashour, M. Green Synthesis of Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles Using Red Seaweed for the Elimination of Organic Toxic Dye from an Aqueous Solution. Materials 2022, 15, 5169. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma15155169
Mansour AT, Alprol AE, Khedawy M, Abualnaja KM, Shalaby TA, Rayan G, Ramadan KMA, Ashour M. Green Synthesis of Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles Using Red Seaweed for the Elimination of Organic Toxic Dye from an Aqueous Solution. Materials. 2022; 15(15):5169. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma15155169
Chicago/Turabian StyleMansour, Abdallah Tageldein, Ahmed E. Alprol, Mohamed Khedawy, Khamael M. Abualnaja, Tarek A. Shalaby, Gamal Rayan, Khaled M. A. Ramadan, and Mohamed Ashour. 2022. "Green Synthesis of Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles Using Red Seaweed for the Elimination of Organic Toxic Dye from an Aqueous Solution" Materials 15, no. 15: 5169. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma15155169