Dynamics and Strength of Circular Tube Open Wagons with Aluminum Foam Filled Center Sills
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Analysis of Recent Research and Publications
3. Objective and Tasks of the Article
4. Presentation of the Basic Material of the Study
5. Conclusions
- Mathematical modeling of dynamic loads on the carrying structure of an open wagon was conducted with consideration of aluminum foam as the filler for the center sill. The aluminum foam was considered as an elastic body of the stiffness of 100 kN/m. The calculation was made in the case when the longitudinal loading on the carrying structure of an open wagon was P = 3.5 MN. The mathematical model was solved in MathCad software. The maximum accelerations on the carrying structure of an open wagon were 35.7 m/s2, which was 3.5% lower in comparison with those of the tubular structure without the filler.
- The strength of the carrying structure of an open wagon with consideration of aluminum foam as the filler for the center sill was defined by the finite element method in CosmosWorks software with SolidWorks software for the graphics. The maximum equivalent stresses emerging in the top section of the center sill behind the rear draft lugs accounted for about 320 MPa. The maximum displacements fixed in the middle part of the center sill were 9.5 mm. The maximum deformations were 3.64 × 10−3. It is established that foam aluminum applied as the filler for the center sill decreases the maximum equivalent stresses in the carrying structure of an open wagon by about 5%, and displacements by 12% in comparison with those of the circular tube carrying structure of an open wagon without filler. The mass of the carrying structure of an open wagon increases by 2.6% in comparison with that of the filler-free structure (at aluminum foam density 300 kg/m3).
- Computer modeling of the dynamic loads on the carrying structure of an open wagon was conducted with consideration of aluminum foam as filler for the center sill. The maximum accelerations emerging in the middle section of the center sill were 30 m/s2. The maximum accelerations in the side walls were concentrated in the middle sections and accounted for about 20 m/s2. The minimum accelerations were in the end parts of the carrying structure of an open wagon.
- Modal analysis of the carrying structure of an open wagon with consideration of aluminum foam as filler for the center sill was conducted. It determined the natural frequencies in the carrying structure of a flat wagon. It was established that the values of the natural oscillation frequencies do not fall outside the range of the admissible values.
- Mathematical models of the dynamic loading of the carrying structure of an open wagon with consideration of aluminum foam as filler for the center sill were verified. A F-test was used as a design criterion. Thus, the adequacy dispersion was and the error mean square was . Also, the design criterion value was Fp = 1.38, which was lower than its tabular value (Ft = 3.07). As a result, the hypothesis on adequacy was not rejected.
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Oscillation Mode | Frequency, Hz | Period, s |
---|---|---|
1 | 18.6 | 0.051 |
2 | 19.5 | 0.041 |
3 | 30.9 | 0.038 |
4 | 32.3 | 0.034 |
5 | 33.9 | 0.033 |
6 | 40.3 | 0.032 |
7 | 44.0 | 0.031 |
8 | 48.3 | 0.030 |
9 | 53.3 | 0.027 |
10 | 55.2 | 0.025 |
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Fomin, O.; Gorbunov, M.; Lovska, A.; Gerlici, J.; Kravchenko, K. Dynamics and Strength of Circular Tube Open Wagons with Aluminum Foam Filled Center Sills. Materials 2021, 14, 1915. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma14081915
Fomin O, Gorbunov M, Lovska A, Gerlici J, Kravchenko K. Dynamics and Strength of Circular Tube Open Wagons with Aluminum Foam Filled Center Sills. Materials. 2021; 14(8):1915. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma14081915
Chicago/Turabian StyleFomin, Oleksij, Mykola Gorbunov, Alyona Lovska, Juraj Gerlici, and Kateryna Kravchenko. 2021. "Dynamics and Strength of Circular Tube Open Wagons with Aluminum Foam Filled Center Sills" Materials 14, no. 8: 1915. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma14081915