Water Treatment from MB Using Zn-Ag MWCNT Synthesized by Double Arc Discharge
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Materials Procured
2.2. Experimental Setup of Methodology
2.3. Preparation of Zn-Ag MWCNT
2.4. Characterization
2.5. Adsorption Experiments of MB Dye
- Contact time: to find the best for removal of MB from contaminated water, 100 mg of the prepared Zn-Ag MWCNT as adsorbent dose was added to 100 mL MB solution (40 mg/L) in a dark bottle at fixed pH = 5.8 then the bottle was placed on an electrical shaker for a time extended to 35 min.
- Dye concentration: the previous experiment was repeated several times under the same conditions except for the concentration of MB in deionized water was varied from 10 mg/L to 40 mg/L. Each time the dye’s removal percent was determined by the UV spectrophotometer measurements.
- Nanomaterial’s Zn-Ag MWCNT dosage: it was worthy to study the effect of the adsorbant dosage on the water treatment from MB. Here the same experiment was repeated using dosage, ranging from 100 mg up to 300 mg.
- pH: this experiment was carried out at various pH using drops of NaOH or HCl.
- pH of the solution was measured using a pH meter after it had been balanced with NaOH or HCl solutions.
- Point of zero charge (pzc): the point of zero charge was determined according to Albis et al. [20]. In brief, 50 mL of 0.01 M NaCl was adjusted to pH from 2 to 12 at 1 pH unit interval by using 0.01 M NaOH and HCl. 0.1 g of the sorbents was added, and the mixture was stirred for 48 h. The pH of each batch was measured (pH meter: Hach Sension 1, model 51700-23, Shanghai, China). Initial and final pH values were recorded and plotted. Moreover, after each experiment, the nano adsorbent content was eliminated from water by centrifuge with a speed of 4000 rpm. All the tests were performed in duplicate. The reduced amounts of MB were calculated by the following equation [12]:
3. Results and Discussions
3.1. Characterization of Synthesized Zn-Ag MWCNT
3.2. Water Decontamination Results
3.2.1. Calibration of the Spectrophotometer Results
3.2.2. Impact of Contact Time
3.2.3. Impact of Initial Dye Concentration
3.2.4. The Effect of Adsorbent Dosage
3.2.5. Effect of pH
3.3. Kinetics Aspects
3.4. Isotherm Investigation
4. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Isotherms | Linear Expression | Plot | Parameters | R2 | Calculated Parameters | Ref. |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1st-order kinetic | ) vs. t | qt = exp(intercept) = −(slope × 2.303) | 0.88 | = 0.138 min−1 qe = 21.71 | [30] | |
2nd-order kinetic | vs. t | qe = (slope)−1 k2 = (slope)2 × (intercept)−1 | 0.98 | k2 = 5.8 × 103 (g/mg·min) qe = 27.91 | [31] | |
Elovich | ln (t) | qt vs. ln (t) | β = slope, α = (slope)−1 exp(intercept/slope) | 0.92 | α =1.747 (mg/g·min) β = 4.430 (g/mg) | [32] |
Intraparticle diffusion | qt = kint t1/2 + C | qt vs. t1/2 | kint = slope | 0.99 | kint =3.373 C = 7.359 | [33] |
Film diffusion process | = −R’t | vs. t | R’ = −(slope) | 0.86 | R’ = 0.156 min−1 | [34] |
Isotherms | Linear Expression | Plot | Parameters | R2 | Calculated Parameters | Ref. |
Langmuir | = (intercept)−1 = intercept/slope | 0.995 | = 33.11 mg/g = 0.250 L/mg | [35] | ||
Freundlich | = exp(intercept) nf = (slope)−1 | 0.910 | = 5.568 (mg/g)(L/mg)1/n = 2.358 | [36] | ||
Temkin | = slope = exp (intercept/slope) | 0.959 | = 7.1031 mg/g = 1.22 L/g | [37] |
Adsorbent | Prepared Method | Adsorption Capacity (mg g−1) | Reference |
---|---|---|---|
Ag-CNT | Physical Arc discharge | 45.87 | [10] |
ZnO NPs | Physical Arc discharge | 25.12 | [10] |
MWCNTs | Chemical Method | 95.30 | [43] |
Magnetic cellulose/GO composite | Chemical Method | 70.03 | [44] |
Nano-Co3O4/SiO2 | Chemical Method | 53.87 | [45] |
Graphene oxide–Fe3O4 hybrid nano-composite | Chemical Method | 167.20 | [46] |
Copper hydroxide nanowires decorated on activated carbon | Chemical Method | 139.9 | [47] |
Carbon nanotubes | Chemical Method | 46.20 | [48] |
Polyaniline nanotubes base | Chemical Method | 9.21 | [49] |
Titanate nanotubes | Chemical Method | 133.33 | [50] |
G–CNT hybrid | Chemical Method | 81.97 | [51] |
Zn-Ag MWCNT | Physicsl Arc discharge | 33.11 | The present work |
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Aljohani, F.S.; Elsafi, M.; Ghoneim, N.I.; Toderaş, M.; Sayyed, M.I.; Mohafez, H.; Islam, M.A.; Khandaker, M.U.; El-Khatib, M. Water Treatment from MB Using Zn-Ag MWCNT Synthesized by Double Arc Discharge. Materials 2021, 14, 7205. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma14237205
Aljohani FS, Elsafi M, Ghoneim NI, Toderaş M, Sayyed MI, Mohafez H, Islam MA, Khandaker MU, El-Khatib M. Water Treatment from MB Using Zn-Ag MWCNT Synthesized by Double Arc Discharge. Materials. 2021; 14(23):7205. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma14237205
Chicago/Turabian StyleAljohani, Faizah S., Mohamed Elsafi, Nourhan I. Ghoneim, M. Toderaş, M. I. Sayyed, Hamidreza Mohafez, Mohammad A. Islam, Mayeen Uddin Khandaker, and Mostafa El-Khatib. 2021. "Water Treatment from MB Using Zn-Ag MWCNT Synthesized by Double Arc Discharge" Materials 14, no. 23: 7205. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma14237205
APA StyleAljohani, F. S., Elsafi, M., Ghoneim, N. I., Toderaş, M., Sayyed, M. I., Mohafez, H., Islam, M. A., Khandaker, M. U., & El-Khatib, M. (2021). Water Treatment from MB Using Zn-Ag MWCNT Synthesized by Double Arc Discharge. Materials, 14(23), 7205. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma14237205