Figure 1.
Examples of analyzed surfaces with selected surface topography parameters correspondingly, as follows: cylinder liner (a) with additionally burnished dimples (b), turned (c), ground (d), milled (e), laser-textured (f), composite (g), and ceramic (h) topographies.
Figure 1.
Examples of analyzed surfaces with selected surface topography parameters correspondingly, as follows: cylinder liner (a) with additionally burnished dimples (b), turned (c), ground (d), milled (e), laser-textured (f), composite (g), and ceramic (h) topographies.
Figure 2.
Profiles (left column), their PSDs (middle), and ACFs (right column), respectively, extracted from the turned cylindrical surface containing dimples by the horizontal (a,b) and treatment trace (c,d) technique.
Figure 2.
Profiles (left column), their PSDs (middle), and ACFs (right column), respectively, extracted from the turned cylindrical surface containing dimples by the horizontal (a,b) and treatment trace (c,d) technique.
Figure 3.
Contour map plots of details and their selected surface topography parameters, respectively, received from honed cylinder liner texture with different densities of the dimples: Surf1 with low density (a), Surf2 with medium density (b), and Surf3 with high density (c) of valleys.
Figure 3.
Contour map plots of details and their selected surface topography parameters, respectively, received from honed cylinder liner texture with different densities of the dimples: Surf1 with low density (a), Surf2 with medium density (b), and Surf3 with high density (c) of valleys.
Figure 4.
Contour map plots (left column), material ratio curves (middle), and surface texture parameters (right column) of the cylindrical surfaces after turning process (a) and isotropic (b,c) with different dimple distribution.
Figure 4.
Contour map plots (left column), material ratio curves (middle), and surface texture parameters (right column) of the cylindrical surfaces after turning process (a) and isotropic (b,c) with different dimple distribution.
Figure 5.
An Abbott-Firestone curve (a), thresholding (value) point T (b), measured profile (c), and the same profile with filled features/valleys (d) extracted from the cylindrical surface containing dimples.
Figure 5.
An Abbott-Firestone curve (a), thresholding (value) point T (b), measured profile (c), and the same profile with filled features/valleys (d) extracted from the cylindrical surface containing dimples.
Figure 6.
Profiles extracted from the turned cylindrical surface containing deep and wide dimples after an areal form removal by the polynomial of 2nd (a,b) or 4th (c,d) degree, application of the commonly used regression (e,f), or robust (g,h) Gaussian filter, cut-off = 0.8 mm, regular algorithms (left column) and modified procedures with a thresholding method (right column).
Figure 6.
Profiles extracted from the turned cylindrical surface containing deep and wide dimples after an areal form removal by the polynomial of 2nd (a,b) or 4th (c,d) degree, application of the commonly used regression (e,f), or robust (g,h) Gaussian filter, cut-off = 0.8 mm, regular algorithms (left column) and modified procedures with a thresholding method (right column).
Figure 7.
The edge-located dimple areas and surface topography parameters, respectively, received from the turned cylindrical detail containing burnished dimples, after areal form removal by the regular algorithms (left column) and the same procedures with threshold modification (right column) and after application of a polynomial plane of 2nd (a) and 4th (b) degree or regular (c) and robust (d) Gaussian regression filters with cut-off = 0.8 mm.
Figure 7.
The edge-located dimple areas and surface topography parameters, respectively, received from the turned cylindrical detail containing burnished dimples, after areal form removal by the regular algorithms (left column) and the same procedures with threshold modification (right column) and after application of a polynomial plane of 2nd (a) and 4th (b) degree or regular (c) and robust (d) Gaussian regression filters with cut-off = 0.8 mm.
Figure 8.
Profiles (left column), their PSDs (center) and ACFs (right column), received from stylus measured, the plateau-honed cylinder liner surface with the following number of features: three dimples (a), two dimples and one scratch (b), two dimples (c), one dimple and two scratches (d), one dimple and one scratch (e), one dimple and no scratches (f), two scratches but no dimples (g) and no dimples and no scratches (h) profile.
Figure 8.
Profiles (left column), their PSDs (center) and ACFs (right column), received from stylus measured, the plateau-honed cylinder liner surface with the following number of features: three dimples (a), two dimples and one scratch (b), two dimples (c), one dimple and two scratches (d), one dimple and one scratch (e), one dimple and no scratches (f), two scratches but no dimples (g) and no dimples and no scratches (h) profile.
Figure 9.
Methods of detection of the high-frequency errors by the analysis of the profiles, their PSDs and ACFs, correspondingly, extracted from laser-textured surface topography, received by extraction in different directions and areas (a) of analyzed detail, as follows: A1 (b), A2 (c), A3 (d), and A4 (e).
Figure 9.
Methods of detection of the high-frequency errors by the analysis of the profiles, their PSDs and ACFs, correspondingly, extracted from laser-textured surface topography, received by extraction in different directions and areas (a) of analyzed detail, as follows: A1 (b), A2 (c), A3 (d), and A4 (e).
Figure 10.
Detection of the high-frequency noise by the analysis of the profiles, their PSDs and ACFs, respectively, obtained from a milled surface with the extraction of profiles proposed in different directions (a): B1 (b), B2 (c), B3 (d), and B4 (e).
Figure 10.
Detection of the high-frequency noise by the analysis of the profiles, their PSDs and ACFs, respectively, obtained from a milled surface with the extraction of profiles proposed in different directions (a): B1 (b), B2 (c), B3 (d), and B4 (e).
Figure 11.
Defined for plateau-honed cylinder liner (left column), milled (center), and laser-textured (right column) surfaces: contour map plots of detail after DGS-F (cut-off = 0.025 mm) noise reduction (a) with selected surface topography parameters (b), correspondingly, received S-surface (c) with their PSDs (d), respectively, and S-surfaces after thresholding (0.13–99.87%) method (e) with their texture direction graphs (f) appropriately.
Figure 11.
Defined for plateau-honed cylinder liner (left column), milled (center), and laser-textured (right column) surfaces: contour map plots of detail after DGS-F (cut-off = 0.025 mm) noise reduction (a) with selected surface topography parameters (b), correspondingly, received S-surface (c) with their PSDs (d), respectively, and S-surfaces after thresholding (0.13–99.87%) method (e) with their texture direction graphs (f) appropriately.
Figure 12.
Contour map plot of the milled surface after a high-frequency errors reduction by a DMF method (a) with material ratio curve (b) and selected surface topography parameters (c) correspondingly, the S-surface received by application of DMF approach with cut-off = 0.025 mm (d), its PSD (e) and ACF (f), results of thresholding (0.13–99.87%) of S-surface (g) and ACF (h), the texture direction graph (i) defined for thresholded S-surface presented in (g) subsection of the figure.
Figure 12.
Contour map plot of the milled surface after a high-frequency errors reduction by a DMF method (a) with material ratio curve (b) and selected surface topography parameters (c) correspondingly, the S-surface received by application of DMF approach with cut-off = 0.025 mm (d), its PSD (e) and ACF (f), results of thresholding (0.13–99.87%) of S-surface (g) and ACF (h), the texture direction graph (i) defined for thresholded S-surface presented in (g) subsection of the figure.
Table 1.
Surface topography parameters calculated for plateau-honed cylinder liner surfaces with different densities (numbers) of oil pockets and after form removal by various techniques.
Table 1.
Surface topography parameters calculated for plateau-honed cylinder liner surfaces with different densities (numbers) of oil pockets and after form removal by various techniques.
Parameters | Surf1 | Surf2 | Surf3 |
---|
| Poly 2nd | Poly 4th | Gauss 0.8 mm | Robust 0.8 mm | Poly 2nd | Poly 4th | Gauss 0.8 mm | Robust 0.8 mm | Poly 2nd | Poly 4th | Gauss 0.8 mm | Robust 0.8 mm |
---|
Sq, µm | 1.75 | 1.72 | 1.69 | 1.83 | 1.97 | 1.91 | 1.94 | 2.01 | 2.15 | 2.12 | 2.09 | 2.19 |
Ssk | −2.64 | 2.56 | −2.73 | −2.71 | −2.62 | −2.39 | −2.57 | −2.54 | −2.25 | −2.15 | −2.23 | −2.29 |
Sku | 10.6 | 10.5 | 11.4 | 10.9, | 10.1 | 9.24 | 9.95 | 9.74, | 7.82 | 7.51 | 7.9 | 7.85 |
Sp, µm | 2.16 | 2.2 | 2.32 | 2.62 | 2.09 | 2.62 | 2.35 | 2.37 | 2.76 | 3.05 | 3.03 | 2.75 |
Sv, µm | 9.54 | 9.28 | 9.42 | 9.86 | 9.56 | 10.1 | 9.43 | 9.67 | 9.5 | 9.31 | 9.39 | 9.61 |
Sz, µm | 11.7 | 11.5 | 11.7 | 12.5 | 11.7 | 12.7 | 11.8 | 12 | 12.3 | 12.4 | 12.4 | 12.4 |
Sa, µm | 1.13 | 1.12 | 1.07 | 1.16 | 1.31 | 1.28 | 1.27 | 1.33 | 1.47 | 1.46 | 1.4 | 1.5 |
Sal, mm | 0.0615 | 0.0576 | 0.0599 | 0.0718 | 0.0707 | 0.0654 | 0.0705 | 0.0734 | 0.0675 | 0.064 | 0.0649 | 0.0701 |
Str | 0.638 | 0.639 | 0.652 | 0.612 | 0.849 | 0.837 | 0.865 | 0.864 | 0.828 | 0.803 | 0.823 | 0.841 |
Std, ° | 63.7 | 63.7 | 63.6 | 63.7 | 117 | 117 | 117 | 117 | 117 | 117 | 116 | 117 |
Sdq | 0.162 | 0.162 | 0.123 | 0.162 | 0.163 | 0.163 | 0.127 | 0.163 | 0.167 | 0.167 | 0.128 | 0.167 |
Sdr, % | 1.24 | 1.24 | 0.735 | 1.24 | 1.28 | 1.28 | 0.787 | 1.28 | 1.32% | 1.32 | 0.796 | 1.32 |
Spd, 1/mm2 | 159 | 164 | 44.9 | 122 | 172 | 122 | 45.9 | 154 | 132 | 108 | 32 | 126 |
Spc, 1/mm | 0.0928 | 0.0922 | 0.0401 | 0.098 | 0.0906 | 0.0945 | 0.0381 | 0.0914 | 0.101 | 0.105 | 0.0383 | 0.102 |
Sk, µm | 1.52 | 1.84 | 1.5 | 1.25 | 1.05 | 1.92 | 1.35 | 1.39 | 1.84 | 2.22 | 1.96 | 1.2 |
Spk, µm | 0.243 | 0.232 | 0.398 | 0.521 | 0.22 | 0.391 | 0.537 | 0.439 | 0.392 | 0.318 | 0.643 | 0.555 |
Svk, µm | 4.51 | 4.43 | 4.64 | 4.96 | 4.89 | 4.7 | 4.85 | 5.04 | 5.83 | 5.34 | 5.72 | 6.09 |
Sbi | 2.1 | 2.15 | 1.73 | 1.57 | 2.54 | 1.92 | 2.53 | 2.52 | 2.02 | 1.69 | 1.8 | 2.1 |
Sci | 0.489 | 0.555 | 0.521 | 0.511 | 0.403 | 0.6 | 0.563 | 0.527 | 0.516 | 0.586 | 0.619 | 0.495 |
Svi | 0.276 | 0.263 | 0.277 | 0.289 | 0.263 | 0.254 | 0.26 | 0.261 | 0.276 | 0.265 | 0.277 | 0.287 |
Table 2.
Surface topography parameters calculated for cylindrical turned or isotropic textures with different distributions of oil pockets and after form removal by various regular procedures.
Table 2.
Surface topography parameters calculated for cylindrical turned or isotropic textures with different distributions of oil pockets and after form removal by various regular procedures.
Parameters | Surf1 | Surf2 | Surf3 |
---|
| Poly 2nd | Poly 4th | Gauss 0.8 mm | Robust 0.8 mm | Poly 2nd | Poly 4th | Gauss 0.8 mm | Robust 0.8 mm | Poly 2nd | Poly 4th | Gauss 0.8 mm | Robust 0.8 mm |
---|
Sq, µm | 12.30 | 11.00 | 3.61 | 12.50 | 14.20 | 13.60 | 5.12 | 13.60 | 11.80 | 11.40 | 4.20 | 14.30 |
Ssk | −1.79 | −1.43 | 1.02 | −0.907 | −1.25 | −1.18 | 0.196 | −1.21 | −1.72 | −1.57 | −0.161 | −1.74 |
Sku | 5.13 | 4.86 | 6.78 | 6.06 | 3.52 | 3.34 | 3.98 | 3.98 | 5.47 | 5.24 | 3.62 | 6.10 |
Sp, µm | 17.0 | 28.9 | 23.7 | 41.5 | 22.2 | 23.1 | 27.9 | 42.5 | 19.2 | 20.4 | 16.5 | 29.2 |
Sv, µm | 43.40 | 41.30 | 11.30 | 52.70 | 39.60 | 38.10 | 9.74 | 41.90 | 41.20 | 42.30 | 9.75 | 61.80 |
Sz, µm | 60.4 | 70.2 | 35.0 | 94.3 | 61.8 | 61.2 | 37.6 | 84.3 | 60.4 | 62.7 | 26.2 | 90.9 |
Sa, µm | 8.87 | 8.00 | 2.37 | 7.48 | 11.10 | 11.00 | 3.79 | 10.30 | 8.35 | 8.15 | 3.01 | 9.58 |
Sal, mm | 0.448 | 0.417 | 0.236 | 0.633 | 0.419 | 0.375 | 0.256 | 0.382 | 0.362 | 0.346 | 0.261 | 0.380 |
Str | 0.859 | 0.885 | 0.126 | 0.315 | 0.951 | 0.950 | 0.550 | 0.720 | 0.977 | 0.976 | 0.556 | 0.777 |
Std, ° | 91.2 | 91.2 | 91.2 | 91.2 | 144.0 | 144.0 | 144.0 | 144.0 | 90.0 | 90.0 | 90.0 | 166.0 |
Sdq | 0.0934 | 0.0945 | 0.0595 | 0.0962 | 0.6530 | 0.6540 | 0.3110 | 0.6540 | 0.7090 | 0.7090 | 0.324 | 0.709 |
Sdr, % | 0.435 | 0.445 | 0.177 | 0.461 | 20.40 | 20.40 | 4.71 | 20.40 | 24.00 | 24.00 | 5.12 | 24.10 |
Spd, 1/mm2 | 1.180 | 0.623 | 2.180 | 0.187 | 212.00 | 207.00 | 233.00 | 72.800 | 265.00 | 227.00 | 437.00 | 57.50 |
Spc, 1/mm | 0.0148 | 0.0153 | 0.0136 | 0.0294 | 0.417 | 0.417 | 0.188 | 0.477 | 0.415 | 0.423 | 0.17 | 0.493 |
Sk, µm | 8.94 | 14.90 | 3.33 | 5.66 | 19.50 | 15.60 | 8.99 | 11.30 | 16.60 | 18.30 | 6.58 | 10.40 |
Spk, µm | 3.72 | 6.64 | 6.74 | 21.20 | 2.47 | 3.03 | 6.01 | 10.60 | 2.73 | 2.92 | 5.49 | 12.10 |
Svk, µm | 40.70 | 27.70 | 6.54 | 31.60 | 34.50 | 30.60 | 7.25 | 36.50 | 32.00 | 28.00 | 8.13 | 44.00 |
Sbi | 1.870 | 0.642 | 0.206 | 0.577 | 1.900 | 1.400 | 0.255 | 0.495 | 1.600 | 1.430 | 0.445 | 1.180 |
Sci | 0.548 | 0.837 | 1.620 | 1.370 | 0.841 | 0.800 | 1.410 | 0.915 | 0.743 | 0.858 | 1.500 | 0.893 |
Svi | 0.310 | 0.251 | 0.163 | 0.236 | 0.199 | 0.186 | 0.152 | 0.202 | 0.265 | 0.242 | 0.190 | 0.309 |
Table 3.
Surface texture parameters calculated for plateau-honed cylinder liners (left) and with additionally burnished dimples (right part) before and after noise, including and reduction by different regular filters.
Table 3.
Surface texture parameters calculated for plateau-honed cylinder liners (left) and with additionally burnished dimples (right part) before and after noise, including and reduction by different regular filters.
Parameters | Cylinder Liner after A Plateau-Honing Process and after Noise Removal by Various Filters | Plateau-Honed Cylinder Liner with Additionally Burnished Dimples and after Noise Removal |
---|
| Start Data | Noise Data | DGS-F | MADF | DMF | WDF | Start Data | Noise Data | DGS-F | MADF | DMF | WDF |
---|
Sq, µm | 1.16 | 1.19 | 1.17 | 1.17 | 1.18 | 1.18 | 1.14 | 1.17 | 1.15 | 1.15 | 1.17 | 1.17 |
Ssk | 0.535 | 0.532 | 0.550 | 0.555 | 0.545 | 0.552 | −1.16 | −1.11 | −1.14 | −1.15 | −1.11 | −1.11 |
Sku | 2.34 | 2.42 | 2.36 | 2.34 | 2.39 | 2.37 | 5.93 | 5.94 | 6.06 | 6.07 | 5.96 | 5.93 |
Sp, µm | 3.73 | 3.98 | 3.68 | 3.70 | 3.58 | 3.59 | 5.15 | 4.83 | 4.74 | 4.73 | 4.77 | 4.78 |
Sv, µm | 6.05 | 6.35 | 5.84 | 5.65 | 5.84 | 5.74 | 5.30 | 5.93 | 5.71 | 5.69 | 5.71 | 5.68 |
Sz, µm | 9.78 | 10.3 | 9.52 | 9.35 | 9.43 | 9.33 | 10.45 | 10.8 | 10.5 | 10.4 | 10.5 | 10.5 |
Sa, µm | 0.997 | 1.000 | 0.994 | 0.993 | 0.999 | 0.997 | 0.850 | 0.827 | 0.818 | 0.816 | 0.826 | 0.826 |
Sal, mm | 0.404 | 0.403 | 0.405 | 0.405 | 0.405 | 0.405 | 0.171 | 0.170 | 0.176 | 0.176 | 0.176 | 0.173 |
Str | 0.390 | 0.389 | 0.388 | 0.388 | 0.391 | 0.391 | 0.213 | 0.217 | 0.225 | 0.225 | 0.225 | 0.221 |
Std, ° | 63.4 | 63.4 | 63.4 | 63.4 | 63.4 | 63.4 | 117 | 117 | 117 | 117 | 117 | 117 |
Sdq | 0.0679 | 0.0982 | 0.0564 | 0.0490 | 0.0782 | 0.0577 | 0.1490 | 0.0898 | 0.0585 | 0.0542 | 0.0747 | 0.0623 |
Sdr, % | 0.270 | 0.474 | 0.159 | 0.120 | 0.296 | 0.165 | 0.187 | 0.394 | 0.171 | 0.147 | 0.275 | 0.192 |
Spd, 1/mm2 | 35.3 | 185.0 | 22.7 | 14.7 | 56.5 | 8.99 | 10.7 | 40.0 | 11.3 | 10.5 | 16.3 | 5.05 |
Spc, 1/mm | 0.1450 | 0.0579 | 0.0265 | 0.0231 | 0.0542 | 0.0207 | 0.0218 | 0.0656 | 0.0245 | 0.0230 | 0.0443 | 0.0161 |
Sk, µm | 2.52 | 2.43 | 2.28 | 2.25 | 2.32 | 2.27 | 1.82 | 1.89 | 1.83 | 1.80 | 1.83 | 1.84 |
Spk, µm | 1.45 | 1.62 | 1.69 | 1.70 | 1.70 | 1.72 | 1.07 | 1.03 | 1.03 | 1.04 | 1.06 | 1.04 |
Svk, µm | 0.820 | 0.857 | 0.809 | 0.791 | 0.848 | 0.830 | 5.62 | 2.800 | 2.820 | 2.830 | 2.800 | 2.830 |
Sbi | 0.843 | 0.674 | 0.792 | 0.778 | 0.867 | 0.858 | 0.371 | 0.375 | 0.378 | 0.378 | 0.381 | 0.380 |
Sci | 1.84 | 1.83 | 1.84 | 1.84 | 1.84 | 1.84 | 1.29 | 1.30 | 1.29 | 1.29 | 1.30 | 1.30 |
Svi | 0.0496 | 0.0532 | 0.0472 | 0.0457 | 0.0493 | 0.0471 | 0.185 | 0.183 | 0.183 | 0.182 | 0.183 | 0.184 |
Table 4.
Surface texture parameters calculated for turned and ground surface before and after noise modeling and reduction by commonly used filters.
Table 4.
Surface texture parameters calculated for turned and ground surface before and after noise modeling and reduction by commonly used filters.
Parameters | Turned Surface Topography and after Noise Removal by Regular Filters | Ground Surface Topography and after A High-Frequency Noise-Removal Process |
---|
| Start | Noise | DGS-F | MADF | DMF | WDF | Start | Noise | DGS-F | MADF | DMF | WDF |
---|
Sq, µm | 1.89 | 1.98 | 1.89 | 1.88 | 1.9 | 1.88 | 0.332 | 0.351 | 0.320 | 0.314 | 0.330 | 0.322 |
Ssk | 0.0130 | 0.0135 | 0.00819 | 0.00645 | 0.0106 | 0.00894 | −0.690 | −0.556 | −0.644 | −0.659 | −0.626 | −0.645 |
Sku | 2.19 | 2.33 | 2.19 | 2.18 | 2.22 | 2.19 | 3.09 | 3.09 | 3.06 | 3.06 | 3.06 | 3.03 |
Sp, µm | 5.57 | 7.29 | 5.94 | 5.92 | 6.15 | 5.97 | 1.050 | 1.570 | 0.970 | 0.869 | 1.010 | 0.882 |
Sv, µm | 4.18 | 6.38 | 4.86 | 4.68 | 5.22 | 4.78 | 1.34 | 1.86 | 1.30 | 1.27 | 1.42 | 1.31 |
Sz, µm | 9.75 | 13.7 | 10.8 | 10.6 | 11.4 | 10.8 | 2.39 | 3.43 | 2.27 | 2.14 | 2.44 | 2.19 |
Sa, µm | 1.60 | 1.65 | 1.59 | 1.58 | 1.60 | 1.59 | 0.231 | 0.280 | 0.256 | 0.251 | 0.264 | 0.258 |
Sal, mm | 0.043 | 0.043 | 0.043 | 0.043 | 0.043 | 0.043 | 0.0577 | 0.0551 | 0.0597 | 0.0608 | 0.0581 | 0.0597 |
Str | 0.029 | 0.0301 | 0.029 | 0.029 | 0.029 | 0.029 | 0.0578 | 0.0497 | 0.0584 | 0.0584 | 0.0579 | 0.0584 |
Std, ° | 92.8 | 92.8 | 92.8 | 92.8 | 92.8 | 92.8 | 56.4 | 56.4 | 56.3 | 56.3 | 56.4 | 56.3 |
Sdq | 0.0723 | 0.251 | 0.0862 | 0.0820 | 0.1300 | 0.0934 | 0.0445 | 0.0749 | 0.0413 | 0.0352 | 0.0565 | 0.0426 |
Sdr, % | 0.261 | 3.1 | 0.371 | 0.336 | 0.845 | 0.435 | 0.5620 | 0.2800 | 0.0855 | 0.0619 | 0.1590 | 0.0909 |
Spd, 1/mm2 | 55.2 | 675.0 | 63.8 | 58.5 | 144.0 | 54.4 | 566 | 1531 | 873 | 632 | 1181 | 463 |
Spc, 1/mm | 0.0116 | 0.1100 | 0.0195 | 0.0181 | 0.0584 | 0.0246 | 0.0166 | 0.0385 | 0.0162 | 0.0124 | 0.0318 | 0.0147 |
Sk, µm | 5.6 | 5.84 | 5.58 | 5.55 | 5.63 | 5.59 | 0.750 | 0.850 | 0.766 | 0.754 | 0.792 | 0.774 |
Spk, µm | 1.26 | 1.38 | 1.25 | 1.23 | 1.27 | 1.23 | 0.160 | 0.200 | 0.155 | 0.147 | 0.163 | 0.152 |
Svk, µm | 0.845 | 1.190 | 0.908 | 0.890 | 0.941 | 0.889 | 0.452 | 0.472 | 0.450 | 0.445 | 0.461 | 0.451 |
Sbi | 0.734 | 0.481 | 0.638 | 0.636 | 0.605 | 0.627 | 0.689 | 0.329 | 0.606 | 0.716 | 0.595 | 0.734 |
Sci | 1.52 | 1.52 | 1.51 | 1.51 | 1.52 | 1.51 | 1.20 | 1.29 | 1.24 | 1.22 | 1.25 | 1.23 |
Svi | 0.0822 | 0.0902 | 0.0831 | 0.0825 | 0.0841 | 0.0824 | 0.153 | 0.146 | 0.152 | 0.154 | 0.151 | 0.152 |
Table 5.
Surface texture parameters calculated for milled (left part) and laser-textured (right part) surface before and after noise adding and reduction by different filters.
Table 5.
Surface texture parameters calculated for milled (left part) and laser-textured (right part) surface before and after noise adding and reduction by different filters.
Parameters | Milled Surface Topography and after Noise Removal by Various Filters | Laser-Textured Surface Topography and after Noise Removal |
---|
| Start Data | Data with Noise | DGS-F | MADF | DMF | WDF | Start Data | Data with Noise | DGS-F | MADF | DMF | WDF |
---|
Sq, µm | 0.202 | 0.290 | 0.221 | 0.208 | 0.240 | 0.217 | 4.25 | 4.14 | 4.11 | 4.10 | 4.13 | 4.14 |
Ssk | −0.193 | −0.0827 | −0.119 | −0.125 | −0.116 | −0.152 | −2.50 | −2.51 | −2.52 | −2.52 | −2.51 | −2.52 |
Sku | 3.09 | 3.17 | 3.11 | 3.10 | 3.13 | 3.15 | 10.7 | 10.7 | 10.8 | 10.8 | 10.8 | 10.7 |
Sp, µm | 0.864 | 1.59 | 0.891 | 0.780 | 0.999 | 0.855 | 12.7 | 13.4 | 12.8 | 12.6 | 12.6 | 12.4 |
Sv, µm | 1.26 | 1.74 | 1.24 | 1.16 | 1.34 | 1.3 | 27.7 | 28.1 | 27.9 | 27.9 | 27.9 | 27.9 |
Sz, µm | 2.124 | 3.330 | 2.130 | 1.940 | 2.340 | 2.150 | 40.4 | 41.5 | 40.7 | 40.4 | 40.6 | 40.3 |
Sa, µm | 0.159 | 0.230 | 0.176 | 0.166 | 0.191 | 0.173 | 2.50 | 2.53 | 2.51 | 2.51 | 2.52 | 2.54 |
Sal, mm | 0.0223 | 0.0147 | 0.0207 | 0.0211 | 0.0197 | 0.0207 | 0.0782 | 0.0784 | 0.0784 | 0.0784 | 0.0784 | 0.0784 |
Str | 0.0220 | 0.035 | 0.0249 | 0.0231 | 0.0267 | 0.0241 | 0.876 | 0.878 | 0.877 | 0.875 | 0.877 | 0.871 |
Std, ° | 33 | 33 | 33 | 33 | 33 | 33 | 89.9 | 89.9 | 89.9 | 89.9 | 89.9 | 89.9 |
Sdq | 0.0492 | 0.100 | 0.0500 | 0.0402 | 0.0715 | 0.0487 | 0.164 | 0.177 | 0.141 | 0.138 | 0.162 | 0.153 |
Sdr, % | 0.1270 | 0.5020 | 0.1250 | 0.0808 | 0.2550 | 0.1180 | 0.969 | 1.38 | 0.963 | 0.928 | 1.190 | 1.050 |
Spd, 1/mm2 | 780 | 2657 | 1620 | 1289 | 2042 | 899 | 8.55 | 8.44 | 8.33 | 8.22 | 8.44 | 4.22 |
Spc, 1/mm | 0.0349 | 0.0491 | 0.0203 | 0.0152 | 0.0407 | 0.0189 | 0.0322 | 0.0826 | 0.0332 | 0.0333 | 0.0601 | 0.0214 |
Sk, µm | 0.603 | 0.749 | 0.581 | 0.546 | 0.626 | 0.564 | 4.09 | 4.02 | 4.07 | 4.04 | 4.06 | 4.03 |
Spk, µm | 0.206 | 0.257 | 0.186 | 0.171 | 0.203 | 0.178 | 4.9 | 3.9 | 4.32 | 4.25 | 4.24 | 4.18 |
Svk, µm | 0.236 | 0.319 | 0.239 | 0.228 | 0.259 | 0.244 | 12.6 | 13.2 | 13.1 | 13.1 | 13.3 | 13.4 |
Sbi | 0.387 | 0.260 | 0.418 | 0.474 | 0.396 | 0.434 | 0.387 | 0.004 | 0.420 | 0.427 | 0.429 | 0.440 |
Sci | 1.49 | 1.53 | 1.54 | 1.54 | 1.53 | 1.53 | 0.464 | 0.483 | 0.470 | 0.470 | 0.469 | 0.464 |
Svi | 0.116 | 0.118 | 0.117 | 0.116 | 0.117 | 0.118 | 0.275 | 0.276 | 0.276 | 0.276 | 0.276 | 0.278 |