Shrinkage Mitigation of an Ultra-High Performance Concrete Submitted to Various Mixing and Curing Conditions
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Materials
2.2. Experimental Procedures
2.3. Experimental Program
3. Results
3.1. Fresh State and Hardened State Properties
3.2. Data Treatment and Analysis of Early-Age Shrinkage
3.3. Effect of Mixing Temperature on Shrinkage
3.4. Effect of Humidity Conditions on Shrinkage
3.4.1. RH100% in a Fog Room
3.4.2. Immersion in Water
3.5. Effect of SRA on Shrinkage
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
- A mixing temperature of 20 °C allowed a decrease of 25% of early-age (7 days) and 21% of long-term UHPC shrinkage, in comparison to 10 and 30 °C;
- Curing UHPC by water immersion greatly reduced UHPC shrinkage up to 65% at early age (7 days) and 30% at long term, while curing at RH100% provided a 20% reduction at 7 days. The best control of early-age and long-term shrinkages was obtained by curing with immersion when it started at 9 h, just before early-age deformation entered its Phase B. This allowed to maintain the deformation due to swelling and shrinkage between +130 μm/m and −220 μm/m until reaching more than 4 days of maturity in comparison with a shrinkage strain of 620 μm/m at 20 h and of 800 μm/m at 4 days for the mix under the reference conditions;
- The use of polyol-based SRA in liquid form at a 2% dosage allowed to reduce by 69% and 63% early-age (7 days) and long-term shrinkages of UHPC, respectively, whereas a reduction of 43% and 35%, respectively, was observed when SRA was introduced in powder form at the same dosage.
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Parameter | Material | SRA Type | Mixing Temperature | Curing Type and Starting Time 1 | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Temperature | UHPC-F4% | None | 10 °C | RH50% | 0 h after casting |
20 °C | |||||
30 °C | |||||
Humidity | UHPC-F3% | None | 30 °C | RH50% | 0 h after casting |
RH100% | 0, 9 or 21 h after casting | ||||
Immersed | 0, 9 or 21 h after casting | ||||
SRA | UHPC-F3% | SRA1—2% | 30 °C | RH50% | 0 h after casting |
SRA2—2% |
Material | Condition | Slump Flow (Mini-Cone/Abrams Cone) | Air Content | Temperature | Compressive Strength (28 d) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
UHPC-F3% | No SRA | 231 / 720 | 2.9 | 31.4 | 125.4 |
SRA1—2% | 228 / 710 | 2.7 | 30.9 | 124.6 | |
SRA2—2% | 232 / 720 | 3.1 | 31.1 | 123.1 | |
UHPC-F4% | Mixing 10 °C | 229 / 710 | 3.2 | 10.4 | 130.6 |
Mixing 20 °C | 228 / 710 | 2.9 | 20.6 | 131.0 | |
Mixing 30 °C | 216 / 700 | 3.1 | 30.4 | 128.9 |
Material | Condition | Shrinkage in Phase B | Swelling (at the Beginning of Phase C) | Combined Shrinkage and Swelling | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
at 1 d | at 7 d | at 120 d | ||||
UHPC-F3% | RH50% | 580 μm/m | 20 μm/m | 596 μm/m | 995 μm/m | 1367 μm/m |
Immersion at 0 h | 390 μm/m | 160 μm/m | 224 μm/m | 495 μm/m | 965 μm/m | |
Immersion at 9 h | 335 μm/m | 170 μm/m | 80 μm/m | 345 μm/m | 949 μm/m | |
Immersion at 21 h | 580 μm/m | 190 μm/m | 459 μm/m | 656 μm/m | 1157 μm/m |
Material | Condition | Shrinkage in Phase B | Swelling (at the Beginning of Phase C) | Combined Shrinkage and Swelling | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
at 1 d | at 7 d | at 365 d | ||||
UHPC-F3% | No SRA | 580 μm/m | 20 μm/m | 596 μm/m | 995 μm/m | 1540 μm/m |
SRA1_2% | 100 μm/m | 65 μm/m | 115 μm/m | 307 μm/m | 571 μm/m | |
SRA2_2% | 395 μm/m | 65 μm/m | 435 μm/m | 566 μm/m | 996 μm/m |
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Androuët, C.; Charron, J.-P. Shrinkage Mitigation of an Ultra-High Performance Concrete Submitted to Various Mixing and Curing Conditions. Materials 2021, 14, 3982. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma14143982
Androuët C, Charron J-P. Shrinkage Mitigation of an Ultra-High Performance Concrete Submitted to Various Mixing and Curing Conditions. Materials. 2021; 14(14):3982. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma14143982
Chicago/Turabian StyleAndrouët, Cédric, and Jean-Philippe Charron. 2021. "Shrinkage Mitigation of an Ultra-High Performance Concrete Submitted to Various Mixing and Curing Conditions" Materials 14, no. 14: 3982. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma14143982