Effect of Silane-Containing Universal Adhesives on the Bonding Strength of Lithium Disilicate
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Specimen Preparation
2.2. Etching, Silanization, and Bonding Procedure
2.3. Microtensile Bond Strength (μTBS) Test
2.4. Analysis of Failure Mode
2.5. Microscopic Observation of Bonded Interfaces
2.6. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
3.1. μTBS
3.2. Analysis of Failure Mode
3.3. FE-SEM Evaluation
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
- HF improved the bonding strength between lithium disilicate and resin regardless of the silane treatment.
- For all the experimental groups that were treated with silane separately, the bonding strength between lithium disilicate and resin was improved.
- The silane in universal adhesives did not effectively improve the bonding strength between lithium disilicate and resin cement, and the silane-containing universal adhesives were not more effective than the non-silane-containing universal adhesives in improving the bonding strength between lithium disilicate and resin cement.
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Universal Adhesive | Abbreviation | Composition | Application Method | pH |
---|---|---|---|---|
All-Bond Universal (Bisco) | ABU | MDP, Bis-GMA, HEMA, ethanol, water, initiators | Apply for 10–15 s, mild air-dry for at least 10 s, light cure for 10 s | 3.2 |
Prime & bond (DENTSPLY Caulk) | PB | MDP, Bis-GMA, HEMA, CQ, MCAP, D3MA, ethanol, water, highly dispersed silicon dioxide | Apply for 20 s, mild air-dry for 5 s, light cure for 10 s | 2.5 |
Single Bond Universal (3M) | SBU | MDP, HEMA, silane, filler, dimethacrylate resins, water, Vitrebond copolymer, ethanol, initiators | Apply adhesive for 20 s, dry gently for 5 s, light cure for 10 s | 2.7 |
Clearfil Universal Bond (Kuraray) | CUB | MDP, Bis-GMA, HEMA, CQ, hydrophilic aliphatic imethacrylate, colloidal silica, accelerators, silane coupling agent | Apply for 10 s, mild air-dry for 5 s, light cure for 10 s | 2.3 |
With HF | ABU | PB | SBU | CU | Without Adhesive |
with Sliane | 30.82 ± 4.72 b | 25.47 ± 2.75 a | 26.06 ± 3.86 ab | 22.03 ± 4.48 a | 25.61 ± 4.60 a |
without Sliane | 21.07 ± 3.34 a | 22.45 ± 6.04 a | 21.95 ± 3.58 a | 19.39 ± 4.02 a | 16.67 ± 5.18 a |
p-value | p < 0.05 | p > 0.05 | p < 0.05 | p > 0.05 | p < 0.05 |
Without HF | ABU | PB | SBU | CU | Without Adhesive |
with Sliane | 18.92 ± 5.04 b | 16.44 ± 2.79 b | 16.97 ± 2.77 b | 11.89 ± 2.62 a | 11.15 ± 2.27 a |
without Sliane | 11.65 ± 3.03 d | 4.21 ± 1.42 b | 7.37 ± 3.36 c | 11.68 ± 2.41 d | pre-failure a |
p-value | p < 0.05 | p < 0.05 | p < 0.05 | p > 0.05 | p < 0.05 |
Mixed Failure | Adhesive Failure | |||
---|---|---|---|---|
with HF | with Sliane | without adhesive | 0 | 15 |
without Sliane | 0 | 15 | ||
with Sliane | ABU | 4 | 11 | |
without Sliane | 0 | 15 | ||
with Sliane | PB | 0 | 15 | |
without Sliane | 0 | 15 | ||
with Sliane | SBU | 0 | 15 | |
without Sliane | 0 | 15 | ||
with Sliane | CU | 0 | 15 | |
without Sliane | 0 | 15 | ||
without HF | with Sliane | without adhesive | pre-failure | |
without Sliane | 0 | 15 | ||
with Sliane | ABU | 0 | 15 | |
without Sliane | 0 | 15 | ||
with Sliane | PB | 0 | 15 | |
without Sliane | 0 | 15 | ||
with Sliane | SBU | 0 | 15 | |
without Sliane | 0 | 15 | ||
with Sliane | CU | 0 | 15 | |
without Sliane | 0 | 15 |
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Kim, Y.-R.; Kim, J.-H.; Son, S.-A.; Park, J.-K. Effect of Silane-Containing Universal Adhesives on the Bonding Strength of Lithium Disilicate. Materials 2021, 14, 3976. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma14143976
Kim Y-R, Kim J-H, Son S-A, Park J-K. Effect of Silane-Containing Universal Adhesives on the Bonding Strength of Lithium Disilicate. Materials. 2021; 14(14):3976. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma14143976
Chicago/Turabian StyleKim, Yu-Ri, Jae-Hoon Kim, Sung-Ae Son, and Jeong-Kil Park. 2021. "Effect of Silane-Containing Universal Adhesives on the Bonding Strength of Lithium Disilicate" Materials 14, no. 14: 3976. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma14143976