Effects of Hybridized Synthetic Fibers on the Shear Properties of Cement Composites
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Hybridization of Synthetic Fibers
- Fiber size. In this study, two different fiber classes were hybridized to produce macro–micro-fiber-mix combinations. Each fiber class is subjected to bridge the different levels of cracks during shear failure. The influence of other parameters may affect the conventional fiber-bridging capabilities of the macro–micro combination, which were further investigated.
- Fiber length. Fiber length corresponds to effective fiber-bridging capabilities. Shorter fibers lead to higher fiber count per density, resulting in enhanced concrete performance through multi-cracking. Longer fibers tend to improve the post-cracking behavior by enabling a quasi-brittle mode of failure. The effects of different fiber lengths from different types of fibers used were then further studied.
- Volume fraction of fibers. The different volume fractions of fibers were used to evaluate the possible variations in shear strength for the macro–micro-fiber combinations with increasing fiber dosage, as well as to determine an optimal macro–micro-fiber combination.
- Bonding power. The intensity of bond stress between the fibers and their surrounding cementitious matrix determines the fiber failure, whether by fiber-breakage or effective pull-out failure. The mode of failure influences the overall shear strength and toughness of HyFRC.
- Manufactured materials. The materials considered in this study were polypropylene and polyethylene for the primary fibers and polypropylene and nylon for the secondary microfibers. Additives were added to differentiate the fibers from other synthetic fibers. Each material has varying tensile strength, which is directly correlated with the fiber mode of failure.
- Fiber form. The manufactured form has a direct relationship with the bonding power, which provides different anchorage intensities during fiber-bridging. The anchorage intensity for each fiber in improving the shear strength of HyFRC was assessed.
3. Results and Discussion
3.1. Density
3.2. Shear Strength
3.3. Shear Energy
4. Assessment of Results
Hybridization Synergy
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Type | Length (mm) | Form | Bonding Power | Class | Material | Tensile Strength (MPa) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
UC | 54 | Fibrillated Twisted Bundle | Extra heavy-duty | Micro | Polypropyleneand Additives | 570–660 |
SC | 38 | Fibrillated | Heavy-duty | 570–660 | ||
EC | 38 | Fibrillated | Medium-duty | 570–660 | ||
NC | 19 | Monofilament | Light-duty | Virgin Nylon | 966 | |
FFC1 | 38 | Fibrillated Twisted Bundle | Heavy-duty | Macro | Polyethylene, Polypropyleneand Additives | 1100 |
FFC2 | 54 | Heavy-duty | 570–660 |
Specimens | Designation | Type of Fibers (Vol. of Fraction, %) | Total Vol. Fraction, % | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Macrofibers | Microfibers | |||||||
FF1 | FF2 | UN | SN | EN | NM | |||
Control | C (Plain) | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
Control | UC | - | - | 0.30 | - | - | - | 0.30 |
Control | SC | - | - | - | 0.30 | - | - | 0.30 |
Control | EC | - | - | - | - | 0.30 | - | 0.30 |
Control | NC | - | - | - | - | - | 0.30 | 0.30 |
Control | FFC | 0.6 | 0.6 | - | - | - | - | 1.20 |
1 | F4U2 | 0.4 | 0.4 | 0.20 | - | - | - | 1.00 |
2 | F4U3 | 0.4 | 0.4 | 0.30 | - | - | - | 1.10 |
3 | F6U2 | 0.6 | 0.6 | 0.20 | - | - | - | 1.40 |
4 | F6U3 | 0.6 | 0.6 | 0.30 | - | - | - | 1.50 |
5 | F4S2 | 0.4 | 0.4 | - | 0.20 | - | - | 1.00 |
6 | F4S3 | 0.4 | 0.4 | - | 0.30 | - | - | 1.10 |
7 | F6S2 | 0.6 | 0.6 | - | 0.20 | - | - | 1.40 |
8 | F6S3 | 0.6 | 0.6 | - | 0.30 | - | - | 1.50 |
9 | F4E2 | 0.4 | 0.4 | - | - | 0.20 | - | 1.00 |
10 | F4E3 | 0.4 | 0.4 | - | - | 0.30 | - | 1.10 |
11 | F6E2 | 0.6 | 0.6 | - | - | 0.20 | - | 1.40 |
12 | F6E3 | 0.6 | 0.6 | - | - | 0.30 | - | 1.50 |
13 | F4N2 | 0.4 | 0.4 | - | - | - | 0.20 | 1.00 |
14 | F4N3 | 0.4 | 0.4 | - | - | - | 0.30 | 1.10 |
15 | F6N2 | 0.6 | 0.6 | - | - | - | 0.20 | 1.40 |
16 | F6N3 | 0.6 | 0.6 | - | - | - | 0.30 | 1.50 |
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Zainal, S.M.I.S.; Hejazi, F.; Aziz, F.N.A.A.; Jaafar, M.S. Effects of Hybridized Synthetic Fibers on the Shear Properties of Cement Composites. Materials 2020, 13, 5055. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma13225055
Zainal SMIS, Hejazi F, Aziz FNAA, Jaafar MS. Effects of Hybridized Synthetic Fibers on the Shear Properties of Cement Composites. Materials. 2020; 13(22):5055. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma13225055
Chicago/Turabian StyleZainal, S.M. Iqbal S., Farzad Hejazi, Farah N. A. Abd. Aziz, and Mohd Saleh Jaafar. 2020. "Effects of Hybridized Synthetic Fibers on the Shear Properties of Cement Composites" Materials 13, no. 22: 5055. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma13225055