Study of Toxicity Assessment of Heavy Metals from Steel Slag and Its Asphalt Mixture
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Raw Materials
2.2. The Physical-Chemical Features and Total Concentration of BOFS
2.3. Leaching Tests
2.3.1. Batch Leaching Test
2.3.2. Monolithic Leaching Test
2.4. Chemical Analysis
3. Results and Discussions
3.1. Physical-Chemical Features and Total Concentration of Heavy Metals of BOFS
Physical-Chemical Features
3.2. Evaluation of the Leaching Toxicity of BOFS and its Asphalt Mixture
3.2.1. TCLP Test
3.2.2. Progressive TCLP Test
3.2.3. Cumulative Leaching Rate
3.3. The Release Characteristics of HMs from Asphalt Mixture
3.3.1. The Characteristics of HMs Release from the Monolithic Sample
3.3.2. The Mechanisms of HMs Released from the Monolithic Sample
3.3.3. Observed Diffusivity (Dobs) and Leachability Index (LI)
4. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Indexes | Standard | Hybrid Mixture | Requirements in China | |
---|---|---|---|---|
BOFS (Coarse Aggregate) | Basalt (Fine Aggregate) | |||
Apparent density (g/cm3) | ASTM C127 | 3.66 | 2.75 | Min 2.6 |
Water absorption (%) | ASTM C127 | 1.18 | 0.3 | Max 3 |
Crush value (%) | ASTM C127 | 12.9 | 17.1 | Max 22 |
Los Angeles abrasion (%) | ASTM C131 | 8.3 | 16.8 | Max 22 |
Free lime content (%) | BS EN1744-1 | 2.3 | N/A | Max 3 |
Indexes | Standard | Measured Values | Requirements in China |
---|---|---|---|
Penetration at 25 °C (0.1 mm) | AASHTO T228 | 63 | 60–80 |
Softening point (°C) | AASHTO T53 | 48 | Min 46 |
Ductility at 15 °C (cm) | AASHTO T51 | >160 | Min 100 |
rotational viscosity at 135 °C (Pa.s) | AASHTO T201 | 0.596 | Max 3 |
Flash point (°C) | AASHTO T48 | 413 | Min 260 |
Elements | Initial Concentration (mg/kg) | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
BOFS | Basalt | Mineral Filler | ||||
Avg ± Stdev | CV (%) | Avg ± Stdev | CV (%) | Avg ± Stdev | CV (%) | |
Cd | 89.65 ± 4.12 | 4.6 | 15.14 ± 0.85 | 5.6 | 11.34 ± 0.15 | 1.3 |
As | 23.13 ± 2.37 | 10.3 | ND | - | ND | - |
Cu | 70.38 ± 2.84 | 4.0 | 12.07 ± 0.46 | 3.8 | 12.65 ± 0.67 | 5.3 |
Pb | 978.41 ± 13.47 | 1.4 | 28.34 ± 0.37 | 1.3 | 22.56 ± 1.34 | 5.9 |
Cr6+ | 851.38 ± 27.18 | 3.2 | 16.85 ± 1.37 | 8.1 | 24.73 ± 2.45 | 9.9 |
Zn | 141.05 ± 14.33 | 10.2 | ND | - | 8.38 ± 0.67 | 8.0 |
Ni | 32.25 ± 1.60 | 5.0 | 2.5 ± 0.12 | 4.8 | 6.53 ± 0.44 | 6.7 |
Elements | G1 | G2 | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
Slope | R2 | Slope | R2 | |
Cd | 0.527 | 0.979 | 0.51 | 0.952 |
As | 0.528 | 0.967 | 0.489 | 0.947 |
Cu | 0.583 | 0.988 | 0.195 | 0.982 |
Pb | 0.512 | 0.972 | 0.503 | 0.948 |
Cr6+ | 0.472 | 0.97 | 0.524 | 0.964 |
Zn | 0.346 | 0.987 | 0.331 | 0.952 |
Ni | 0.744 | 0.996 | 0.611 | 0.967 |
Elements | G1 | G2 | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
Dobs (cm2/s) | LI | Dobs (cm2/s) | LI | |
Cd | 5.01 × 10−11 | 10.3 | 8.64 × 10−8 | 7.1 |
As | 2.28 × 10−7 | 6.6 | 3.78 × 10−6 | 5.4 |
Cu | 2.23 × 10−9 | 8.7 | 3.27 × 10−12 | 11.5 |
Pb | 8.14 × 10−11 | 10.1 | 5.11 × 10−11 | 10.3 |
Cr6+ | 2.09 × 10−11 | 10.7 | 1.07 × 10−10 | 10 |
Zn | 9.57 × 10−9 | 8.1 | 4.77 × 10−10 | 9.3 |
Ni | 1.69 × 10−9 | 8.8 | 5.71 × 10−10 | 9.2 |
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Hu, R.; Xie, J.; Wu, S.; Yang, C.; Yang, D. Study of Toxicity Assessment of Heavy Metals from Steel Slag and Its Asphalt Mixture. Materials 2020, 13, 2768. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma13122768
Hu R, Xie J, Wu S, Yang C, Yang D. Study of Toxicity Assessment of Heavy Metals from Steel Slag and Its Asphalt Mixture. Materials. 2020; 13(12):2768. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma13122768
Chicago/Turabian StyleHu, Rui, Jun Xie, Shaopeng Wu, Chao Yang, and Dong Yang. 2020. "Study of Toxicity Assessment of Heavy Metals from Steel Slag and Its Asphalt Mixture" Materials 13, no. 12: 2768. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma13122768