Optimization of Intrinsic ZnO Thickness in Cu(In,Ga)Se2-Based Thin Film Solar Cells
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
3. Results and Discussions
3.1. Microstructure and Morphology
3.2. Optical Properties
3.3. Influence of the i-ZnO Thickness on the CIGS Solar Cell Performance
4. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Organization | Substrate | Absorber Preparation Method | i-ZnO Thickness (nm) | Conversion Efficiency (%) | Note | Reference |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
ZSW | Glass | Co-evaporation | 50–100 | 22.6 | [8] | |
Solibro GmbH | Glass | 50 | 14.4 | [20] | ||
Uppsala | Glass | 70 | 18.6 | [21] | ||
EMPA | Glass | 80 | 20.7 | [22] | ||
Steel | 50 | 18 | Flexible mild steel | [23] | ||
polyimide (PI) | 50–100 | 18.7 | FlexiblePI | [19] | ||
Nexcis | Glass | Electrodeposition and atmospheric annealing | 80 | 17.3 | [24] | |
IBM | Glass | Solution and spin coating | 80 | 15.2 | Hydrazine-based solution | [25] |
NREL | Glass | Electrodeposition and selenization (CIGSe) | 60 | 11.7 | [26] | |
Glass | Evaporation and selenization | 50 | 18.6 | [27] | ||
Solar Frontier | Glass | Metal sputtering + Sulfurization after selenization | 100–200 | 18.6 | Mini module | [28] |
Growth Process of CIGS | i-ZnO Thickness (nm) | Solar Cell Performance Parameters | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
JSC (mA/cm2) | VOC (V) | FF (%) | Efficiency (%) | RSH (Ω cm2) | RS (Ω cm2) | ||
Three-stage co-evap. | 30 | 34.9 | 0.467 | 61.8 | 10.1 | 529.6 | 7.24 |
60 | 35.1 | 0.494 | 61.0 | 10.6 | 617.8 | 8.26 | |
90 | 35.2 | 0.507 | 66.3 | 11.8 | 1127 | 6.54 | |
170 | 34.0 | 0.495 | 63.3 | 10.7 | 864.5 | 7.66 | |
Two-step SAS | 30 | 31.6 | 0.574 | 38.5 | 6.96 | 129.7 | 31.0 |
60 | 32.9 | 0.580 | 41.5 | 7.97 | 182.7 | 28.4 | |
90 | 32.8 | 0.590 | 45.2 | 8.75 | 254.0 | 25.6 | |
170 | 32.3 | 0.580 | 47.4 | 8.87 | 370.6 | 24.3 |
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Alhammadi, S.; Park, H.; Kim, W.K. Optimization of Intrinsic ZnO Thickness in Cu(In,Ga)Se2-Based Thin Film Solar Cells. Materials 2019, 12, 1365. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma12091365
Alhammadi S, Park H, Kim WK. Optimization of Intrinsic ZnO Thickness in Cu(In,Ga)Se2-Based Thin Film Solar Cells. Materials. 2019; 12(9):1365. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma12091365
Chicago/Turabian StyleAlhammadi, Salh, Hyeonwook Park, and Woo Kyoung Kim. 2019. "Optimization of Intrinsic ZnO Thickness in Cu(In,Ga)Se2-Based Thin Film Solar Cells" Materials 12, no. 9: 1365. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma12091365