Calculation of Volume Fractions of In Situ TiB and Residual Stress Distributions in Functionally Graded Composite of Ti–TiB–TiB2
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Methods and materials
3. Results and Discussion
3.1. Calculation of Actual TiB Fraction
3.2. Microstructure
3.3. Residual Stress Distributions in the FGM
4. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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hkl | 2θ(Deg) | d(A) | |Fhkl|2 | L | p | ITiB in JCPDS | ITiB Computed | ITiB in XRD | R Calculated |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
101 | 24.502 | 3.633 | 906 | 41.20 | 4 | 20 | 82 | 14 | 20.46 |
200 | 29.252 | 3.053 | 2501 | 29.08 | 2 | 32 | 80 | 17 | 19.92 |
201 | 35.293 | 2.543 | 1089 | 19.14 | 4 | 80 | 46 | 11 | 11.42 |
111 | 38.368 | 2.346 | 718 | 15.80 | 8 | 80 | 50 | 8 | 12.44 |
210 | 41.799 | 2.161 | 1142 | 13.09 | 4 | 64 | 33 | 84 | 8.19 |
102 | 42.229 | 2.140 | 3549 | 12.81 | 4 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 24.91 |
211 | 46.422 | 1.956 | 713 | 10.35 | 8 | 40 | 32 | - | 8.09 |
301 | 48.887 | 1.863 | 377 | 9.23 | 4 | 56 | 8 | - | 1.91 |
112 | 52.113 | 1.755 | 722 | 7.92 | 8 | 40 | 25 | 30 | 6.27 |
020 | 60.598 | 1.528 | 4315 | 5.65 | 2 | 32 | 2 | - | 6.68 |
401 | 63.694 | 1.461 | 452 | 5.08 | 4 | 28 | 5 | - | 1.26 |
312 | 68.944 | 1.362 | 2508 | 4.27 | 8 | 72 | 47 | 54 | 11.73 |
hkl | 2θ(Deg) | d(A) | |Fhkl|2 | L | p | Iβ-Ti in JCPDS | Iβ-Ti Computed | Iβ-Ti in XRD | R Calculated |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
110 | 38.482 | 2.3375 | 1277 | 15.80 | 12 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 202.68 |
200 | 55.543 | 1.6532 | 907 | 6.86 | 6 | 12 | 15 | 9 | 31.25 |
211 | 69.607 | 1.3496 | 646 | 4.19 | 24 | 17 | 27 | 27 | 54.38 |
220 | 82.447 | 1.1689 | 639 | 3.12 | 12 | 4 | 10 | 7 | 20.03 |
310 | 94.927 | 1.0454 | 462 | 2.74 | 24 | 5 | 13 | 6 | 25.43 |
222 | 107.628 | 0.9544 | 462 | 2.84 | 8 | 1 | 4 | - | 8.79 |
hkl | 2θ(Deg) | d(A) | |Fhkl|2 | L | p | Iα-Ti in JCPDS | Iα-Ti Computed | Iα-Ti in XRD | R Calculated |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
100 | 35.063 | 2.557 | 34161 | 19.38 | 6 | 30 | 23 | 17 | 27.38 |
002 | 38.402 | 2.342 | 37134 | 15.80 | 2 | 26 | 25 | 28 | 29.77 |
101 | 40.150 | 2.244 | 151026 | 14.28 | 12 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 121.06 |
102 | 53.008 | 1.726 | 19115 | 7.65 | 12 | 19 | 13 | - | 15.32 |
110 | 62.960 | 1.475 | 25887 | 5.18 | 6 | 17 | 17 | 18 | 20.75 |
103 | 70.657 | 1.332 | 214175 | 4.07 | 12 | 16 | 14 | - | 17.17 |
200 | 74.263 | 1.276 | 0 | 3.70 | 6 | 2 | 0 | - | 0 |
112 | 76.294 | 1.247 | 24626 | 3.51 | 12 | 16 | 16 | - | 19.74 |
hkl | 2θ(Deg) | d(A) | |Fhkl|2 | L | p | ITiB2 in JCPDS | ITiB2 Computed | ITiB2 in XRD | R Calculated |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
001 | 27.598 | 3.2295 | 110 | 32.31 | 2 | 22 | 19 | 19 | 10.78 |
100 | 34.133 | 2.6246 | 208 | 20.38 | 6 | 55 | 67 | 44 | 38.60 |
101 | 44.438 | 2.0370 | 279 | 11.43 | 12 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 58.05 |
002 | 56.992 | 1.6145 | 339 | 6.48 | 2 | 12 | 11 | 10 | 6.67 |
110 | 61.106 | 1.5153 | 402 | 5.52 | 6 | 27 | 35 | 37 | 20.207 |
102 | 68.134 | 1.3751 | 86 | 4.37 | 12 | 16 | 12 | - | 6.847 |
111 | 68.328 | 1.3717 | 42 | 4.35 | - | 18 | - | - | - |
200 | 71.895 | 1.3121 | 108 | 3.94 | 6 | 7 | 7 | - | 3.88 |
201 | 78.642 | 1.2156 | 190 | 3.35 | 12 | 16 | 20 | 9 | 11.58 |
Layers | Target Volume Fraction of TiB(%) | Calculated Volume Fraction (%) | Estimated Composition (wt%) | CTE(/K) | |||
TiB | TiB2 | TiB | TiB2 | Ti | |||
Layer1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 100 | 9.00 |
Layer2 | 20 | 24.4 | 0 | 23.3 | 0 | 76.7 | 7.89 |
Layer3 | 40 | 45.7 | 0 | 44.2 | 0 | 55.8 | 7.52 |
Layer4 | 60 | 61.6 | 0 | 60.2 | 0 | 39.8 | 7.36 |
Layer5 | 80 | 76.5 | 2.2 | 75.5 | 2.2 | 22.3 | 7.22 |
Layer6 | 100 | 73.0 | 16.0 | 72.5 | 15.9 | 11.6 | 7.03 |
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Zhang, Y.; He, S.; Yang, W.; Ren, J.; Kong, H. Calculation of Volume Fractions of In Situ TiB and Residual Stress Distributions in Functionally Graded Composite of Ti–TiB–TiB2. Materials 2019, 12, 4006. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma12234006
Zhang Y, He S, Yang W, Ren J, Kong H. Calculation of Volume Fractions of In Situ TiB and Residual Stress Distributions in Functionally Graded Composite of Ti–TiB–TiB2. Materials. 2019; 12(23):4006. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma12234006
Chicago/Turabian StyleZhang, Youfeng, Shasha He, Wanwan Yang, Jiangwei Ren, and Haijuan Kong. 2019. "Calculation of Volume Fractions of In Situ TiB and Residual Stress Distributions in Functionally Graded Composite of Ti–TiB–TiB2" Materials 12, no. 23: 4006. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma12234006