Enrichment and Purification of Aucubin from Eucommia ulmoides Ionic Liquid Extract Using Macroporous Resins
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Materials and Chemicals
2.2. Pretreatment of Macroporous Resin
2.3. Preparation of Crude Ionic Liquid Extracts
2.4. HPLC Analysis and Quantification
2.5. Static Adsorption and Desorption Tests
2.5.1. Adsorption Capacity and Desorption Ratio
2.5.2. Adsorption and Desorption Kinetics
2.5.3. Effect of Extraction Solvent
2.5.4. Adsorption Isotherms
2.6. Dynamic Adsorption and Desorption Tests
2.7. Scale-Up Gradient Elution Tests
3. Results
3.1. Static Adsorption and Desorption Tests
3.1.1. Adsorption Capacity and Desorption Ratio
3.1.2. Adsorption and Desorption Kinetics Curves
3.2. Influence of the Extraction Solvent
3.3. Adsorption Isotherms
3.4. Dynamic Adsorption and Desorption Test
3.4.1. Dynamic Leakage Curves on the HPD850 Resin
3.4.2. Dynamic Water Washing Process for the Ionic Liquid
3.4.3. Dynamic Desorption on the HPD850 Resin
3.5. Scale-Up Gradient Elution Tests for Verification
3.6. Separation Process for Aucubin
4. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Resin | Surface Area (m2/g) | Average Pore Diameter (nm) | Particle Diameter (mm) | Polarity | Moisture Content (%) | Adsorption Capacity (μg/g) | Desorption Ratio (%) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
HPDD | 650–750 | 9.0–11.0 | 0.30–1.25 | Non-polar | 44.45 | 144.89 ± 4.24 | 51.06 ± 1.52 |
HPD100A | 650–700 | 9.5–10.0 | 0.30–1.20 | Non-polar | 45.65 | 68.64 ± 1.63 | 66.05 ± 2.14 |
HPD700 | 650–700 | 8.5–9.0 | 0.30–1.20 | Non-polar | 52.31 | 123.56 ± 4.72 | 49.94 ± 1.34 |
DM130 | 500–550 | 9.0–10.0 | 0.30–1.25 | Middle-polar | 46.56 | 117.40 ± 2.37 | 68.30 ± 2.42 |
HPD750 | 650–700 | 8.5–9.0 | 0.30–1.20 | Middle-polar | 51.28 | 122.14 ± 4.05 | 67.22 ± 2.79 |
HPD850 | 1100–1300 | 8.5–9.5 | 0.30–1.20 | Middle-polar | 47.82 | 154.96 ± 4.38 | 79.09 ± 2.33 |
HPD400 | 500–550 | 7.5–8.0 | 0.30–1.20 | Polar | 48.91 | 125.71 ± 4.22 | 67.88 ± 2.28 |
HPD500 | 500–550 | 5.5–7.5 | 0.30–1.20 | Polar | 50.26 | 147.00 ± 4.53 | 75.08 ± 4.01 |
HPD600 | 550–600 | 8.0 | 0.30–1.20 | Polar | 49.55 | 149.70 ± 4.08 | 59.81 ± 1.41 |
Temperature (°C) | Langmuir Equation | Freundlich Equation | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Qmax | KL | R2 | KF | 1/n | R2 | |
5 | 0.4229 | 0.3187 | 0.9993 | 0.2857 | 0.2998 | 0.9199 |
25 | 0.3424 | 0.5991 | 0.9958 | 0.1822 | 0.3687 | 0.9749 |
50 | 0.2779 | 1.3265 | 0.9933 | 0.1070 | 0.4674 | 0.9143 |
Mode | Ethanol Volume Fraction (%) | Mass of Dried Residue (mg) | Mass of Aucubin (mg) | Aucubin Purity (%) | Aucubin Recovery (%) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Isocratic mode | 60 | 1077.42 | 793.63 | 73.66 | 82.47 |
Gradient mode | 10 | 46.91 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 |
20 | 24.44 | 11.5 | 47.05 | 1.20 | |
30 | 36.44 | 23.01 | 63.14 | 2.39 | |
40 | 112.44 | 92.03 | 81.85 | 9.56 | |
50 | 188.56 | 161.05 | 85.41 | 16.74 | |
60 | 240.56 | 195.56 | 81.29 | 20.32 | |
70 | 188.02 | 149.55 | 79.54 | 15.54 | |
80 | 81.67 | 46.01 | 56.34 | 4.78 | |
90 | 156.27 | 23.01 | 14.72 | 2.39 | |
Collection of 40–80 | 811.25 | 644.2 | 79.41 | 72.92 |
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Yang, X.; Wei, M.; Tian, H.; Liu, T.; Yang, L. Enrichment and Purification of Aucubin from Eucommia ulmoides Ionic Liquid Extract Using Macroporous Resins. Materials 2018, 11, 1758. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma11091758
Yang X, Wei M, Tian H, Liu T, Yang L. Enrichment and Purification of Aucubin from Eucommia ulmoides Ionic Liquid Extract Using Macroporous Resins. Materials. 2018; 11(9):1758. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma11091758
Chicago/Turabian StyleYang, Xinyu, Mengxia Wei, Hao Tian, Tingting Liu, and Lei Yang. 2018. "Enrichment and Purification of Aucubin from Eucommia ulmoides Ionic Liquid Extract Using Macroporous Resins" Materials 11, no. 9: 1758. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma11091758