Accurate Calibration in Multi-Material 3D Bioprinting for Tissue Engineering
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Bioprinting System Incorporating Four Printheads
2.2. G-Code Generation and Printing Software
2.3. Multi-Material Bioprinting Procedure and Calibration
2.4. Hydrogel Preparation
2.5. Cell Isolation and Culture
2.6. Bioprinting Cell-Laden Constructs Using Gel-Alg Blends
2.7. Cell Viability Assay
2.8. Calibration Models for the Multi-Material Bioprinting Process
- xy-offset pattern (calibration model 1): straight lines were printed in the x and y directions using two different printheads (Figure 6a). xy offsets of the four printheads were calculated with regard to the first printhead (P1). For that reason, half of the straight lines were printed using P1 and the other half were printed using a different printhead (P2, P3 or P4).
- Zigzag path (calibration model 2): a continuous zigzag was printed using each printhead in other to determine the correct printing pressure and speed (Figure 6b). An increasing distance of 20 μm was separated between all of the lines (Δd) with a separation between lines ranging from 200 μm to 500 μm. The optimal printing pressure was determined when all the printed lines did not overlap and were printed forming continuous strands.
2.9. Printing Performance Metrics
3. Results and Discussion
3.1. Efficient Calibration for Multi-Material Bioprinting
3.2. Print Resolution in Multi-Material Bioprinting
3.3. Multi-Material Bioprinting of Complex Scaffolds and 3D Constructs
3.4. Multi-Material Printing of Complex 3D Vascular Networks
3.5. Limitations of the Calibration Method in the Multi-Material Bioprinting Proposed
4. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Sodupe-Ortega, E.; Sanz-Garcia, A.; Pernia-Espinoza, A.; Escobedo-Lucea, C. Accurate Calibration in Multi-Material 3D Bioprinting for Tissue Engineering. Materials 2018, 11, 1402. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma11081402
Sodupe-Ortega E, Sanz-Garcia A, Pernia-Espinoza A, Escobedo-Lucea C. Accurate Calibration in Multi-Material 3D Bioprinting for Tissue Engineering. Materials. 2018; 11(8):1402. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma11081402
Chicago/Turabian StyleSodupe-Ortega, Enrique, Andres Sanz-Garcia, Alpha Pernia-Espinoza, and Carmen Escobedo-Lucea. 2018. "Accurate Calibration in Multi-Material 3D Bioprinting for Tissue Engineering" Materials 11, no. 8: 1402. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma11081402